What might happen if you do not crease filter paper when creating the cone? What might happen if you overfill the paper cone?When filtering a mixture.

Setting up the filter paper properly is very important to successful filtering.  If a crease is not added to the round filter paper, it will not fit as well as it should in the filter.  This can lead to a loss of some of the fluid.  

Even if the filter paper is set up well, overfilling the cone can lead to two errors.  First, some of the fluid may be lost over the edge of the filter.  Second, the fluid could easily go in between the filter paper and the filter, allowing the solid particles to get into the collected fluid.

What are Physical Jerks in the book 1984?

In George Orwell's futuristic dystopian society, the Physical Jerks are a daily part of the lives of Oceania's citizenry.  The ubiquitous telescreens that enable the Party to both propagandize to and monitor the citizenry broadcasts every morning, at 7:18, a mandatory exercise program.  Nineteen-Eighty-Four, of course, depicts a totalitarian society in which the government controls every action and attempts to dictate every thought on the part of each individual.  Its apparatus of control knows no limits.  The constant propagandizing and the manipulation of terminology for the benefit of the Party are integral parts of that apparatus.  The physical conditioning of citizens, however, is not neglected, and the Physical Jerks serves as the regime's instrument for ensuring that all members of society are in the proper state of condition.  As Orwell's main protagonist, Winston, arises each morning, he is greeted by the harshness of the broadcast's dictates:

’Thirty to forty group!’ yapped a piercing female voice. ’ Thirty to forty group! Take your places, please. Thirties to forties!’ Winston sprang to attention in front of the telescreen, upon which the image of a youngish woman, scrawny but muscular, dressed in tunic and gym-shoes, had already appeared. ’Arms bending and stretching!’ she rapped out. ’Take your time by me. One, two, three, four! One, two, three, four! Come on, comrades, put a bit of life into it! One, two, three four! One two, three, four! . . .’  

Orwell's fictional society is one of absolute subservience to the will of the Party.  The Physical Jerks are but one component of the Party's strategy for total control.

I know there is symbolism behind the hyena (descent into savagery) and the orangutan but what does the zebra represent about Pi or his character?

The zebra represents the danger of passivity. If Pi chooses to simply sit and wait, circumstances (and predators) will tear him apart. Therefore, that is not an option for him. He can't just draw back and avoid the tiger. He must enter into an active struggle for dominance with it, contesting for mastery.

What is the role of conversations in the novel Pride and Prejudice?

Conversations play a huge role!  Austen is the queen of
detailed, elaborate, flowery, lengthy conversations between characters.  This is why
many people struggle with her novels, and why others love them.  A conversation can
start on one page and ten pages later still be going.  Consider Austen's background and
life herself; living in England in a time when women were expected to sit around and do
practically nothing all day, what else did they have to do besides
talk?

Conversations help relay crucial and important
information, shape the characters in the novel, introduce conflict, and resolve
problems.  One major role it plays is in shaping the characters of the story.  Austen
always has a garrulous and excessively chatty character that says foolish things and is
a bore and annoyance to everyone around them (Mr. Collins, as an example).  She likes to
use conversation to shape those types of characters.  Her heroines (like Elizabeth or
Jane) are often more limited and wise in their conversations, being the listeners as
opposed to the spouters.

Consider also how much of the
NON-conversation narration in the novels centers and focuses around conversations that
were just had.  The characters not only have long conversations, but then go home and
sit there and analyze every tiny thing that was said in that conversation for potential
hidden meaning.  So even though they aren't talking constantly, most of the story IS
centered round people talking OR analyzing the talking that has occurred.  It reminds me
of a group of teenage girls talking about a party that a cute boy talked to them at, and
they all analyze and interpret, and read meaning into each and every word that poor boy
said.  That is what the characters do.

So, whether is it
actual talking to shape characters, introduce conflict or resolve it, or if it is the
characters thinking about what was just said, conversation is the main driving force in
Pride and Prejudice.  I hope that helped; good
luck!

After he keeps his appointment with the traveler in the forest, Brown announces that he plans to return home. Why does he not do so immediately,...

I perceive this as being directly related to a biblical allusion...one that involves being tempted, as Jesus was by the Devil.  Brown is also being tempted in various ways.  Also, Jesus was tested many times.  Brown was also tested in the forest.

Brown's experiences are very dreamlike, so there is a definite theme of illusion vs. reality here, so yes, there are reasons to suppose he doesn't not actually see or hear what he things is 'real.'

In Act V of "Romeo and Juliet," why didn't Romeo receive the Friar's letter explaining the change in plans?

Friar Lawrence gave the letter to Friar John to deliver to Romeo.  While he was on his way, he stopped at a house to visit the sick.  Since the authorities suspected that the house might have the plague, Friar John and all those inside were put under quarantine until it could be determined if they carried the disease or not.  They refused to take the letter to Romeo on Friar John's behalf because the letter might have carried the contagion, and so it was never delivered.  Not knowing the gravity of the situation, once he was released, Friar John gave the letter back to Friar Lawrence saying that he wasn't able to deliver it.  At first, the Friar started to panic, but then he decided that he would simply go to the tomb, get an awakening Juliet, and then hide her in his cell till he could get word to Romeo.  Plan B didn't work out either because Friar Lawrence didn't know that Romeo had charged his friend Balthasar with bringing him news from Verona to keep him on top of things.  Balthasar got to Romeo with the sad news that Juliet was dead and buried in the Capulet vault before Friar Lawrence could let him know that it was all a hoax.  As a result, Romeo bought poison and killed himself next to a "dead" Juliet.  She woke up immediately afterwards and refused to leave with the Friar.  OUt of self-preservation, Friar Lawrence left her alone in the tomb and she killed herself with Romeo's dagger.

How does Phoebe sound like or act like Holden when talking to her parents in chapter 23 of The Catcher in the Rye?

In Chapter 23, Phoebe uses diction that is similar to her older brother Holden's in her dialogue with her mother. She claims that her dinner that night was "lousy" (one of Holden's favorite adjectives) and talks about her disgust with how the cook "breathes on everything" when she serves the food. Holden's disgust with the world runs far deeper, however, than Phoebe's. While Holden believes that most everything in the world is "lousy" and that most people behave in disgusting ways, Phoebe is far more optimistic. She is speaking truthfully about her opinions in this scene, but she does not have the same dark world view as Holden.

"If faces were different when lit from above or below-what was a face? What was anything?" What does this mean, what is Ralph questioning?Page 83

Ralph has called an assembly and this particular one is later in the day than any previous assembly, so, for that reason, the sun is at a different angle and lighting the faces of the boys from above rather than from below.  Ralph realizes that the faces look different with this new perspective and he wonders about reality - what is it?  He's been trying to keep the boys civilized and orderly and one of the reasons for this assembly is to remind them they must abide by the rules in so that they can remain civilized.  This, to Ralph, is what is real, i.e., civilization is reality and reality is civilization.  His awareness of the differences in the faces leads him to wonder if they can maintain civility.  He can't quite articulate yet what he is wondering, but he does worry about the problem of Jack's growing popularity and fondness toward savagery.  Ralph will come to see that civilization and reality are not the same thing, that indeed, civilization is a facade put on by people to hide their savagery. The different light perspective on the faces is like getting a glimpse of the savage behind the facade.

In Chapter 24 of "To Kill a Mockingbird," what is the significance of the society ladies at their meeting?It's in chapter 24

AUut Alexandra's Missionary Circle meeting is a prime example for Scout of the hypocrisy of the adult world. Aunt Alexandra tries so hard to make Scout behave like a lady. After reading this chapter, the reader would hope Scout turns in to anything but a "proper" lady.

First, the ladies are upset about the way the black community has responded to the outcome of the trial. One of the ladies says that she told her hired help, Sophie, that she had to stop acting so gloomy or else she would have to fire Sophie. Clearly, these women have no understanding of empathy or how the black community must feel because these women do not see black people as "real" people.

Second, the ladies talk about J. Everet Grimes who is a missionary doing work with an African tribe called the Mrunas. The ladies agree they should help Mr. Grimes but won't help the blacks in their own community.

The ladies, specifically, Mrs. Merriweather, insult Atticus in his own home, eating his food, served by his cook at a tea attended by his sister and his daughter. The ladies also make fun of Scout for being a tomboy and wanting to be like her father.

The one good outcome of the chapter is when Scout observes Aunt Alexandra and Miss Maudie going back into the meeting, right after hearing of Tom's death. They are still polite and civilized, and Scout realizes that's truly what being a lady means.

I need help writing an education paper???????

In order to answer the question fully, it would be helpful
to know a bit more about your topic. Are you writing about a specific aspect of
education (early childhood, middle grades, high school) or are you writing about a
specific aspect of education (reading skills, ESL, special education, curriculum
development)? There are many different topics within a subject as broad as education.
The first thing that you will need to do is determine a topic and a focus for that
topic. For example, you might decide to write about the benefits of mainstreaming
children with learning disabilities during their elementary years, or, as an opposing
viewpoint, the benefits of ESE classroom instruction for children with learning
disabilities during their formative years.

Once you have
setteld on a single narrow topic and a focus for that topic, then begin your research.
Look for valid academic sources (education journals are a good place to start) that
support your position on the subject or, if you are writing an informative piece, serve
to explain the significace of your topic.

After you have
gathered your research, outline the main points that you wish to make and then fill in
the supporting details on your outline with evidence, examples, and statistics from your
research. Remember to cite each outside reference in the text itself as well as on the
reference page. Connect each use of a source with a few ideas of your own as well so
that you are not simply collecting research.

Conclude your
paper with a restatement of the thesis, then verify that you have a unified, coherent
whole.

If you have any specific questions after you have
settled on a topic, don't hesitate to ask!

Help! I need a quote from Frankenstein to prove that Victor is egotistical.

How about:  "I paused, examining and analysing all the minutiae causation, as exemplified in the change from life to death, and death to life, until from the midst of this darkness a sudden light broke in upon me--a light so brilliant and wonderous, yet so simple, that while I became dizzy with the immensity of the prospect which is illustrated, I was surprised that among so many men of genius, who had directed their inquiries towards the same science, that I alone should be reserved to discover so astonishing a secret."

"I succeeded in discovering the cause of generation and life; nay, more, I became myself capable of bestowing animation upon lifeless matter."

"Life and death appeared to me ideal bounds, which I should first break through, and pour a torrent of light into our dark world.  A new species would bless me as its creator and source; many happy and excellent natures would owe their being to me.  No father could claim in gratitude of his child so completely as I should deserve theirs."

All of these quotes are located in Chapter III, just after Victor arrives at university in Ingolstadt and before he creates his creature.

Good Luck! 

Put in order which identities of Nora are most important/influencial in Nora's decision to leave her husband. Explain.1) Woman/citizen of norway2)...

I think the most important "identity" that contributed to Nora's leaving was #2, "Wife."  Nora was under-appreciated and devalued by her husband.  She was treated as a trinket, a triviality, a mere ornament, really.  Her opinions weren't asked for or welcomed and she felt oppressed and smothered as well as empty and alone, in many ways.  I would put #1 next and #3 last.  Yes, she was a woman, and a very strong one at that...one that was waiting to find her true self.  She needed to grow, to branch out, to spread her wings.  She had lost that sense of herself because of her roles of "mother" and "wife." 

What explanation does Cheever give for Parris's "mad look" in Act 4 of The Crucible?

The situation in Act 4 of The Crucible is that Mr. Parris is visiting prisoners that "will hang" in the company of Hale who, in Act 3, denounced the hearings and stormed out of the court.

HALE: I denounce these proceedings, I quit this court! He slams the door to the outside behind him.

Marshall Herrick has just had a scene with Tituba and sent her away when Danforth and Judge Hathorne enter, followed by Cheever. Danforth and Hathorne have come on purpose to find Parris as Danforth's first line to Herrick is: "Where is Mr. Parris?" He then asks when Reverend hale arrived. This introduces a discussion of why Hale is present at the jail and whether it is wise to allow Mr. Paris to be "continuously with the prisoners." It is during part of this discussion that Cheever, who accompanied Danforth and Hathorne while carrying a "dispatch case" and the men's writing materials, presumably, at least in part, to be ready in case anyone chooses to confess.

It is Hathorne who opens the discussion about Mr. Parris saying that he wonders if it is good for Parris to be with the prisoners continually. He suggests, when Danforth turns to look at him with interest in his remark, that the reason he should be kept from the prisoners is that he has a "mad look these days." When pressed to explain "mad," he notes that on the previous morning, while passing on the street as Parris left his home, Parris's only reaction to Hathorne's greeting was to begin weeping and hasten away; Hathorne rightly suggests that this looks a little "mad," though Danforth suggests a more reasonable explanation would be that Parris has "sorrow":

DANFORTH: Perhaps he have some sorrow.

This is where Cheever enters the conversation with an explanation of his own. You will note that the information that comes out as the scene progresses provides clues to what Parris might have been weeping about when seen by Hathorne. Cheever's explanation is in three parts. (1) He says that Mr. Parris has always been one to weep in the face of "contention" (i.e., disputes, ill-will, heated disagreement):

CHEEVER: ... Contention make him weep, sir; it were always a man that weep for contention.

[Note that Cheever uses the English of his dialect in using the gender-neutral pronoun "it" to refer to Mr. Parris instead of the correct masculine pronoun "he" and that there are other indications of his dialect: he uses the dialectal "it were always a man that weep" rather than the Standard English "he is always a man who weeps ...."]

(2) He says that Mr. Parris had been "arguin' with farmers all yesterday" about the contention, the disagreement, between farmers about the cows that were roaming the streets since their owners were imprisoned and about what to do with these cows and about who was to take over ownership of these cows. The question of property ownership, even when that property is (to modern Westerns) nothing more than a cow, brings a great deal of contention between those who are vying (i.e., competing or contending with each other) to take over the ownership of the abandoned property.

(3) Because of these two facts firmly established in Cheevers mind--Mr. Parris weeps when confronted with contentious behavior and the farmers embroiled him in contentions over the roaming abandoned cows--he concludes that Parris is "mad looking," as Hathorne put it, because of the cows. Of course this brief, terse statement means, in Cheever's estimation of the situation, that Mr. Parris is "mad looking" because the farmers are disagreeing so disputatiously (i.e., argumentatively) about the correct course of action and about, more importantly, the correct ownership of the cows: 

CHEEVER: There be so many cows wanderin’ the highroads, now their masters are in the jails, and much disagreement who they will belong to now. I know Mr. Parris be arguin’ with farmers all yesterday - there is great contention, sir, about the cows.

When Mr. Parris comes from the prisoners, summoned by Marshall Herrick, to join Danforth and Hathorne, after having answered them about Reverend Hale's presence in the jail by saying that "it is providence" (i.e., foreseeing care and guidance provided by God), he summons up the courage to say why he "thought to summon" Danforth, a statement that gives a clue to why he wept when merely greeted by Hathorne. Parris reveals with much difficulty that his niece has vanished. She and Mercy Lewis had been missing three days, after using the "I'm sleeping at her house" double ruse, and had robbed Mr. Parris of "thirty-one pounds" leaving him "penniless":

PARRIS: This be the third night. You see, sir, she told me she would stay a night with Mercy Lewis. And next day, when she does not return, I send to Mr. Lewis to inquire. Mercy told him she would sleep in my house for a night. ... Excellency, I think they be aboard a ship. ... My daughter tells me how she heard them speaking of ships last week, and tonight I discover my - my strongbox is broke into. He presses his fingers against his eyes to keep back tears.

It seems from this that, while Cheever's explanation of weeping due to the contention occurring because of the roaming, ownerless cows being the cause of Mr. Parris's mad look is a partially reasonable one, Danforth's explanation of Mr. Parris's mad look being related to "sorrows" might be the correct explanation after all.  

How do I cite "Antony and Cleopatra" in MLA format?

For textual references (inside the paragraph), do not use a footnote. Cite the title, the act, the scene, and the lines. Place them within parentheses at the end of the quotation. For example: Hamlet says "To be or not to be" (Hamlet III.i.64).

Note the use of uppercase roman numerals for acts, lowercase roman numerals for scenes, and arabic numbers for lines. Also notice where the quotation marks and period go.

For block quotations (set off from the paragraph), type the quotation line by line, indenting each line. At the end of the quotation, on a new line, type the citation just as you would in the text. For example:

To be, or not to be: that is the question:
Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer (65)
The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,
Or to take arms against a sea of troubles,
And by opposing end them? To die: to sleep;
(Hamlet III.i.64-68)

For bibliographies, cite the title of the play, the title of the anthology, publisher info, and page numbers in the anthology on which the quotation you've cited appears. You do not need to cite act and scene in bibliographies. For example:

All's Well That Ends Well. The Riverside Shakespeare. 2nd ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1997. 538-578.

I hope this helps!

How is fear used in "To Kill a Mockingbird"?For example, fear is used to scare the children from the Radley place; fear is used to intimidate...

Fear is used to show narrow-mindedness and ignorance.  The children are only afraid of the Radley house when they are ignorant of the true nature of Arthur Radley; as long as he's "Boo", he's a feared entity.  When Scout, through her simple recognition of Walter Cunningham, Sr., breaks a mob down to individula people.  They were no longer a group with the power to intimidate; they were individuals whose connection was their ignorance.   The ignorance shown by the Ewells in their hatred of blacks is actually a fear - the Ewells fear what they do not know.  The same is true for many of the people in the town and countryside around Maycomb: they fear what they don't understand and they don't understand a race other than their own.  In chapter 24, when the women at Aunt Alexandra's tea discuss their "coloreds" and how they now fear them, it is ignorance speaking.  Mayella is afraid of Atticus because she is not accustomed to anyone treating her with respect. Harper Lee wants the reader to see that once ignorance is removed, so is fear.

What are some important quotes from Matthew Wood in "The Witch of Blackbird Pond"?

Matthew Wood is very articulate in expressing his political beliefs, which represent the views of future American revolutionaries.  About the Connecticut Colony Charter, he says,

"Surrender our charter and we lose all...that charter was given to Connecticut by King Charles twenty-five years ago.  It guarantees every right and privilege we have earned, the very ground we stand on and the laws we have made for ourselves.  King James has no right to go back on his brother's pledge...The men who made this town understood justice.  They knew better than to look for it in the King's favor.  The only rights worth all that toil and sacrifice are the rights of free men, free and equal under God to decide their own justice (Chapter 7).

Later, when the Charter had been safely spirited away, he says,

"There are hard times ahead for Connecticut.  But some day, when the hard times have passed, as they must pass, we will bring our charter out of hiding and begin again, and we will show the world what it means to be free men" (Chapter 15). 

In his relationship with Kit, Matthew Wood is fair, even if it is not warm, and he defends her fiercely when he feels she is falsely accused.  He firmly declares before Sam Talcott,

"The girl has been thoughtless and headstrong at times, but...I swear before all present, on my word as a freeman of the colony, that the girl is no witch" (Chapter 19).

Metophorically, to what is the youth comparing bravery and battle in Chapter 2 of The Red Badge of Courage?

At the beginning of the chapter, the youth is trying to determine if he will be able to show bravery in battle, and he decides that this is not a problem he will be able to solve with "a mental slate and pencil".  He compares the issue metaphorically to a scientific experiment which must be played out before an answer can be be derived; in order to conduct the experiment, "he must have blaze, blood, and danger, even as a chemist requires this, that, and the other".  According to his own metaphor, the youth will not know if he will show bravery in battle until he is actually tried in battle conditions.

In Act III of "The Tempest", how does Prospero treat Ferdinand? Why? How is this treatment like and unlike the treatment of Caliban?

In Act Three (not Two), Prospero treats Ferdinand like a slave. There are several reasons for this. He is still angry over the loss of his kingdom, and Ferdinand is linked to that. He (Prospero) is showing his mastery over the island. He's trying to keep control of his daughter…though losing to love. And he's trying to test Ferdinand's character and make him work to demonstrate his love of Miranda. It's a test, like those in fairy tales and myths.

It's like his treatment of Caliban because both must labor for Prospero due to his authority and magic (and both want Miranda). It's unlike because it will end.

What clues to the identity of the stranger does Hawthorne provide in the first three paragraphs of Chapter 3 in "The Scarlet Letter"?

At the end of the Chapter 2, the author has provided a description of a man, assumedly her husband, who took Hester Prynne from her home in England to "a new life...(in) a Continental city".  The man, whom Hester is remembering as she stands on the scaffold, is a scholar, "well stricken in years, pale, thin (and)...slightly deformed, with the left shoulder a trifle higher than the right". 

In the first three paragraphs of Chapter 3, the author makes it clear that the white man Hester sees standing "on the outskirts of the crowd" with an Indian is her husband, from whom she has been separated for good span of time.  Hester notices that "one of this man's shoulders (rises) higher than the other", and she is so unnerved at this recognition that "she press(es) her infant to her bosom with so convulsive a force that the poor babe utter(s) (a) cry of pain".  The stranger also reacts strongly upon seeing Hester, "a writhing horror twist(s) itself across his features (and)...his face darken(s) with some powerful emotion"; the woman he has come upon, standing in disgrace before the crowd for bearing a child out of wedlock, is his wife.  When the stranger perceives that Hester recognizes him, he gestures to her to remain silent by surreptitiously raising his finger and laying it on his lips.

Is there gluten in licorice root?

The most recognized part of licorice is its root that contains an anti-inflammatory sweet tasting agent called glycyrrhizic acid.

The presence of gluten in content of licorice candies depends on the receipe used to produce licorice candies, hence if you use the cornstarch receipe, the final product does consist of gluten, among the other components.

Notice that the pure extract of licorice does not contain gluten.

How does Juliet reflect the historic context of the Renaissance period?Romeo and Juliet

During the Renaissance, a wealthy woman was expected to
marry young, obey her husband and be loyal to him, and bear children, especially heirs. 
Like a young woman of her time, Juliet has a father who arranges the marriage to a young
man of family and wealth.  While other girls do not marry young because they must work
for their families, fourteen is the normal age at which wealthy women are married.  And,
the father, like Lord Capulet, makes arrangements with a suitable young man, one who has
a reputable name, position, and property.  A dowry is paid to the new husband when the
young couple are married. 

 Also, typically, Juliet is
cared for by a wet nurse just as other young wealthy women of her time are.  The Nurse
is probably a poor relative who serves in the Capulet home for her room and board; her
affection for Juliet seems to indicate that she is most likely related to the girl for
whom she is so fond and proud. 

What was the New Deal, and what were three of its programs that helped employ or protect Americans?Which of its program do we still rely on today?

It is also important to remember the size and scope of the New Deal.  It was an immense, several year long effort to right our economic ship.

When FDR was elected in 1932, he immediately called together his "Brain Trust" - business leaders and economists - to come up with a plan for saving the US economy from the Great Depression.  As a politician he then packaged their ideas and explained it to the public and Congress as The New Deal.  He took complex ideas and expressed them in common, everyday language, which was reassuring to Americans.

Three programs in addition to the ones listed above that we still use today include:

The Tennessee Valley Authority, which built a series of hydroelectric dams in the Tennessee River Valley, providing thousands of jobs, flood and irrigation control and cheap electricity.

The FDIC - An insurance program for banks whereby a citizen's deposits in that bank are insured.  If the bank goes under, you get your money back.  This gave us confidence in the system, enough so that we re-deposited our cash back into banks.  We recently used the FDIC extensively during the 2008 - 2009 banking crisis.

The REA - Responsible for the construction of hundreds of smaller hydro dams in rural areas that provided electricity to the countryside in places that had never had it before.  The REA in my town is still there, still providing jobs and cheap, reliable electricity.

In "The Kite Runner," what has Amir sacrificed for Baba that caused him to be "damned"?It was during the argument about his career path, Amir...

Baba does not want Amir to pursue a career in writing, he wants Amir to pursue a career in law or medicine. He wants Amir to be rich and successful and for once a son he can feel proud of. Amir feels like all his life he has given up important things to gain Baba's approval and love. He gave up his innocence, his integrity, his whole sense of character and doing good to gain Baba's love after the Kite championship. He gave up his best friend and his best friend had to give up even more so that Amir could find Baba's love. In the end Amir learns that it wasn't worth it and that the love, attention, and approval was fleeting, but what he sacrificed was permanent. By the time he reaches a place in his life when he is making career choices he decides to do what he loves and hopes that Baba can learn to love him for who he is.

Distinguish between Rosalind's healthy humor, Touchstone's professional humor, Jaques' satirical humor, and Corin's natural humor?

Rosalind's humor is "healthy" in that it is
compassionate.  It pokes fun, gently, at the foibles of human nature, particularly those
of men and women in love. She can even make fun of herself, as when she says to Celia,
"Do you not know I am a woman?  When I think, I must speak" (act III, scene 2, lines
247-248).  Her humor, though empathetic, is practical: "Men have died from time to time,
and worms have eaten them, but not for love" (IV,1,ll.101-102).  When she outduels
Jaques (IV,1), there is a sense that, in doing so, she is being as kind as possible
about it. Regarding his vaunted "experience," she remarks, "I had rather have a fool to
make me merry than experience to make me sad" (ll.25-27).  The greater part of
Rosalind's wit is found in the two scenes (III,2 and IV,1) in which she impersonates a
young man in order to "woo" Orlando.  This wit takes many forms, but it is always rooted
in her passion, need, desire and sympathy for her
lover.

Touchstone's humor is "professional" chiefly because
he is, of course, a professional humorist - a court jester.  He is more than able to
zing a quip here and there:  When Rosalind says, "O Jupiter! How weary are my spirits!,"
he responds, "I care not for my spirits if my legs were not weary" (II,4,ll.2-3).  When
she refers to Orlando's verses to her, saying "I found them on a tree," he retorts,
"Truly, the tree yields bad fruit" (III,2,ll.115-116).  Much of Touchstone's humor,
however, comes in the form of monologues, speeches so witty and complete they seem to be
rehearsed "party pieces."  Three clear examples of these comic tirades are his bit about
being in love with "Jane Smile" (II,4,ll.44-54), his parody of Orlando's poems to
Rosalind (III,2,ll.100-112), and his dazzling discourse "Upon a lie seven times removed"
(V,4,ll.69-103).  As a professional, Touchstone has a comic monologue ready for almost
any occasion.

As funny as Touchstone is, however, he cannot
get the best of Corin.  In fact, in act III, scene 2 (ll.11-69), the shepherd seems to
out-jest the jester.  In a sinuous argument in which the court clown attempts to trap
Corin and make him look foolish, the latter trips up the former, "hoisting him by his
own petard."  In making Touchstone assert that "civet is of a baser birth than tar,"
Corin makes him admit that the "shepherd's life" is superior to that of the court. 
Corin doesn't manipulate towards this end; he simply states what he knows to be true and
watches as his motley friend hangs himself.  He is not at all the "natural" that
Touchstone takes him for.

The humor of Jaques is, perhaps,
the most complicated.  Although he is primarily associated with "melancholy," he is ripe
with sharp wit - not as polished, perhaps, as that of Touchstone; certainly not as kind
as that of Rosalind.  When the singer says to him, "My voice is ragged, I know I cannot
please you," Jaques quips, "I do not desire you to please me, I do desire you to sing"
(II,5,ll.13-15).  After using a strange word to gather his mates around him, one of them
asks, "What's that 'ducdame'?" - to which Jaques replies, "'Tis a Greek invocation, to
call fools into a circle" (II,5,ll.52-54).  One of the most unique moments in the play
(and, perhaps, in Shakespeare) is when, in act IV, scene 1 (ll.28-30), Orlando says,
"Good day and happiness, dear Rosalind," and Jaques exits, saying, "Nay, then, God be
with you an [if] you talk in blank verse."

How do people react to Elizabeth and how does Victor feel about her in Frankenstein?Frankenstein by Mary Shelley

Elizabeth is a constant joy to the Frankenstein family; in
fact, the parents have always hoped that Victor would marry this lovely girl who comes
to the defence of Justine Moritz, the accused murderer of William Frankenstein.  Even
Victor, who knows that Justine is innocent is not as willing as Elizabeth to defend
her.  That he dissembles around Elizabeth is, indeed, an indictment against the
integrity of Victor.  In Chapter 7 he tells Elizabeth

readability="8">

'She [Justine]is innocent, my Elizabeth...and
that shall be prove; fear nothing, but let your spirits be cheered by the assurance of
her acquittal.'

Yet,
selfishly, Victor Frankenstein does not come forward with the truth; instead, he leads
Elizabeth to believe that he is "kind and generous."

This
selfishness is also blatantly evident after the creature tells Frankenstein will be with
him on his wedding night, and Victor refrains from telling sweet Elizabeth anything. 
Fatefully, she becomes a sacrificial victim to the ego of Victor Frankenstein. At the
end of Chapter 7 Victor even accuses himself:

readability="11">

Thus spoke my prophetic soul, as, torn by
remorse, horror, and despair, I beheld those I loved spend vain sorrow upon the grave of
William and Justine the first hapless victims to my unhallowed
arts.

Elizabeth, the lovely
girl who "possesses a certain power over our minds which hardly any later friend
can,"--he loves her --becomes a sacrificial victim for the creature of Victor, "the
author of unalterable evil."

Please explain Catholicism and emotion in Catcher in the Rye. How is it important, and what does it symbolise?I am writing an essay about Catcher...

There's two instances of Catholicism in The
Catcher in the Rye: one with Ackley at Pency and one at breakfast with the
nuns.

Holden asks
Ackley:

readability="6">

"Listen. What's the routine of joining a
monastery?" I asked him. I was sort of toying with the idea of joining one. "Do you have
to be a Catholic and
all?"

readability="6">

"Certainly you have to be a
Catholic. You bastard, did you wake me up just to ask me a dumb
ques-

readability="8">

"Aah, go back to sleep. I'm not going to join one
anyway. The kind of luck I have, I'd probably join one with all the wrong kind of monks
in it. All stupid bastards. Or just
bastards."

Holden is
definitely a conservative: he relishes the past and doesn't want to grow up and be a
phony materialist.  He wants to live a holy life, but he doesn't know how to do it.  His
father was a Catholic, but he left the church when he got
married.

Like everything else, Holden is caught in the
middle.  He's not a child or an adult: he's a teenager.  He's not a Catholic or a
Protestant.  He's not a lover or a fighter.  He's desperately searching for a place to
call home.  He runs away from home and school.  Could he find a home in the church or a
monastery?

Holden also fears being a hypocrite, or a phony.
 He wants to live a quiet life surrounded by books instead of people and money, but he's
afraid that he'll be the "wrong kind of monk," a "stupid
bastard."

Later, on his run-away journey in the city,
Holden sees two nuns and their dilapidated suitcases.  The nuns also are symbols of
holiness, and their suitcases are symbols of modesty, humility, and anti-materialism.
 Holden likes the way they look and the way they "never [go] anywhere swanky for lunch."
 As such, nuns are some of the few non-phonies in the entire
novel.

These nuns are teachers too.  Holden gets into a
conversation about the nature of tragedy, focusing on Romeo and
Juliet's first character who dies, Mercutio.  Holden loves Mercutio because
he's an outspoken rebel, like himself.  Holden really shows his intellectual and
emotional side with the nuns.  He gives them ten dollars, mainly because he doesn't like
to see cheap suitcases.  Like him, the nuns are travelers, and rather than engage in
empty small talk, like the girls in the Lavender room, the nuns engage in meaningful
conversation.  Holden feels like a pilgrim talking to
them.

All this is echoed near the end of the novel when
Holden gets advice from Mr. Antolini, an Italian and--like Mercutio and the nuns--likely
a Catholic.  He says Holden is “in for a terrible
fall”:

"The
mark of the immature man is that he wants to die nobly for a cause, while the mark of
the mature man is that he wants to live humbly for
one."

Was Mercutio a noble
man?  Are the nuns noble?  Would Holden be noble if he becomes Catholic?  Or joins a
monastery?  What is Holden's noble cause?

Holden could end
up like Mercutio or the nuns.  He could die for a noble cause, like Mercutio and James
Castle, both of whom committed suicide.  Or, he would live humbly for one, like the
nuns.

In the end, what does he choose?  We don't know.
 But, we do know that he lives to tell his tale.  And, his "rest home" sounds a lot like
a monastery of sorts.  Ironically, too, Holden's creator J.D. Salinger, a Jewish
Catholic himself, became a monk after writing this book until his death.  No one saw his
face for 50 years.

How Gustave Flaubert showed his disaappointment with middle class in his novel Madam Bovary?

The disappointment experienced by the characters is mainly
the lack of money versus the fantasized version they have of what happiness and
contentment should be. Madame Bovary had come from a well-to-do family when she married
Dr. Bovary. Both were at first content with what they
had.

Yet, Flaubert lets us in the know of Emme's tendencies
when she was younger in the convent, how she lived on romance novels and romantic
stories where people always dressed well, and nice aromas always filtered, and she
stayed in that fantasy. Hence, the preoccupation she has with money and riches occupied
her mind and put values and common sense in second place. She felt of her current status
as dull, boring, intolerable, and classless and kept day dreaming about a life of
richness.

Later in the story, when the Bovaries receive the
invitation to the Marquess home and she dances with the Viscount, she sees THAT as the
perfect moment of her life. Nothing is important: Not health, nor family- just the
fantasy.

Therefore, Flaubert may show dissappointment
through his characters in that all that was material and superficial was what was
important to Emma, and that there is a massive chasm between her comfortable life and
that she aspires to live in opulence and ritual.

In Chapter 6, what is the meaning of the ladder that Gatsby imagines he sees in the blocks of the sidewalk?

I take note of the reference in the previous response to the horizontal sidewalk transformed in Gatsby's vision to a vertical ladder. And I cannot help but wonder whether or not Fitzgerald deliberately chose to impose upon Gatsby a vision that showed the falseness and hopelessness of the metaphor, since one cannot climb a sidewalk, Monty Python movies notwithstanding, nor become successful moving only laterally. Fitzgerald could just as easily have provided something upward-climbing, for example, a trellis, to trigger the ladder in Gatsby's mind. But he didn't. And I do think that pretty much every detail in the novel was chosen with mindfulness and intent, which is part of what makes this, arguably, the great American novel. While at this point in the novel Gatsby still believes he can fulfill the American dream, the reader has seen many hints that he will not, and this false metaphor seems to me to be yet another of those hints. The American dream, Fitzgerald is telling us, is as delusional as climbing a sidewalk.

How does Lady Macbeth respond to Macbeth's outburst in Act III, scene 4?

Lady Macbeth responds to her husband's outburst in Act III, Scene IV with a question: "Are you a man?", she asks him.  Again calling into question his masculinity just as she did when he told her he did not want to kill King Duncan.

She then exclaims, sarcastically to him that he is imagining something, just like he thought he saw the dagger floating in the air before he killed Duncan.  She continues to chide him about his fear and that he looks ridiculous and reminds her of a woman telling scary stories.    He is spoiling the party with his nonsense. 

What is the comparative central idea with Olsen's "I Stand Here Ironing" and "A Conversation with my Father" by Grace Paley?The only thing I have...

In accord with your assessment, in an interview with the
Shenadoah Review, Grace Paley, author of "A Conversation with my
Father," declares that the story 

readability="9">

...is about generational attitudes about life,
and it's about history...[The narrator] was really speaking for people who had more open
chances. And so she brought that into literature, because we don't just hop out of our
time so easily.

Likewise, "I
Stand Here Ironing" by Tillie Olsen is concerned with the open-endedness of life.  In a
conversation with a school official, Emily's mother is unable to account for "all that
life that has happened outside me, beyond me."  She says that she will never "total it
all."  There is too much that Emily has kept to herself and too much that the mother has
learned too late.  But, the mother is resigned:

readability="11">

She is a child of her age, of depression, of
war, of fear. 

Let her be.  So all that is in her will not
bloom--but in how many does it?  There is still enough left to live by.  Only help her
to know--help make it so there is cause for her to
know-- 

In the case of
Paley's story, the father, an immigrant from Russia has a different perspective on life
from that of his daughter; he is similar to the school official who has a preordained
idea of the structure of life.  That is, he feels that the woman's action of becoming an
addict foretells her ultimate tragedy because in his life in Russia there were "no
choices," as Paley relates.

Similar to the mother of "I
Stand Here Ironing" is the author daughter of "A Conversation with My Father." 
Declaring that her daughter is "a child of her age," she is "more than this dres on the
ironing board, helpless before the iron."  Emily can change the direction of her life,
she can make choices.  The daughter who writes the story for her father contends that
people can change careers; things are "of small consequence."  But, the father, like the
school official, believes everything in life is "of great
consequence."

Clearly, one's perspective is determined by
one's time and generation: "We just don't just hop out of our time so easily."  While
the Russian father does not understand, Emily's mother whose metaphoric ironing takes
her back and forth, back and forth through time, does comprehend that her daughter must
be perceived through the open-ended lens of her time, as she is still "becoming" just as
the boy's mother, who is only forty, still has time to improve her
life.

How Is Juliet cooperative, affectionate, sincere, mature, courageous, heroic, decisive, devoted, loyal, faithful & passive in Romeo and Juliet?

Here goes:

Cooperative-
Juliet agrees to consider Parris as a potential suitor at her father's party, even
though she says she's not particularly ready to consider
marriage. 

Affectionate - The person Juliet is most
affectionate with is the Nurse. They apparently tease one another, and Juliet literally
hugs her when she comes back from talking to
Romeo. 

Sincere - When she tells her father she has not
even thought of marriage, Juliet exhibits
sincerity. 

Mature - She is immature and impulsive most of
the time after she meets Romeo, so any maturity is displayed before that.  (See Sincere
and Cooperative.) A case may be made that after she gets the potion from the Friar and
becomes an obedient daughter (knowing she's not going to have to actually marry Parris)
she is showing some maturity. When Juliet does not, for once, share her plan with the
Nurse, she exhibits mature behavior.

Courageous - When
Juliet takes the Friar's potion, she show courage--though she's young and may not even
recognize the dangers inherent in such an implausible plan.  Certainly when
she buries Romeo's dagger in her breast she shows extraordinary courage and
conviction. 

Heroic - See
Courageous.

Decisive - Choosing to marry Romeo after just a
few hours' acquaintance shows decisiveness, as does her determination to carry out the
Friar's plan. 

Devoted - Juliet is clearly devoted to the
Nurse, her father, and Romeo--though she breaks faith with all but Romeo throughout the
course of the play.

Loyal - She is loyal to both her
beloved cousin Tybalt and her husband Romeo, though her loyalties are tested when one is
killed by the other.

Faithful - See
Loyal.

Passive - Agreeing to consider a man she hasn't even
met as a husband is the epitome of passive.

Who are Mr. and Mrs. Gardiner in Pride and Prejudice?

Mr. Edward Gardiner is the brother of Mrs.Bennet. He is a London businessman.

Both of them begin to play an important role from Ch.24 onwards when they arrive at Longbourn as usual to spend Christmas. Mrs.Gardiner and Elizabeth are particularly close to one another and often have important discussions regarding the central theme of the novel-the institution of marriage:"Pray, my dear aunt, what is difference in matrimonial affairs, between the mercenary and the prudent motive? Where does discretion end and avarice begin?"

In Ch.43 Elizabeth alongwith Mr.and Mrs.Gardiner visit Darcy's estate Pemberley. Darcy is no longer the proud man that he once was. He is very polite and courteous to all of them, and Mr and Mrs Gardiner testify that he is a fine person.

Mr.Gardiner plays an active role after Lydia's elopement is announced in Ch.46. It is he  who follows Lydia and Wickham to London and with Darcy's help persuades Wickham to marry Lydia and thus help to prevent the Bennet family from being disgraced.

In Ch.52 Elizabeth receives a very important letter from Mrs.Gardiner in which Mrs.Gardiner reveals the generous role played by Darcy in compelling Wickham to marry Lydia. Mrs.Gardiner conveys to Elizabeth that Darcy did this only because he loves Elizabeth and that it is only a question of time before he proposes to her again. This letter is important because it confirms to Elizabeth that Darcy certainly loves her and she prepares herself to accept his second proposal.

When "Lord of the Flies" opens, what is Ralph's attitude toward the island?

Ralph is absolutely delighted to be on the island away from adult authority and it spurs on his ambition: When Piggy tells him there are no grown ups on the island, "The delight of a realized ambition overcame him" (Chap 1). Ralph strips off his clothes, "...pulled off his shirt...undid the snake-clasp of his belt, lugged off his shorts and pants, and stood there naked" (Chap 1). Thus, Golding sets the scene to turn the boys away from civilization, the metaphor of shedding the clothes, and turn toward the primitive. What Ralph doesn't realize in his joy at his newfound freedom without authority is the price of responsibility!

In Book II Ch.1-12 in A Tale of Two Cities, compare Darnay's revelation that he wants to marry Lucie to Stryver's revelation.

In Chapter 10 of Book II, Darnay declares to Dr. Manette
the love that he has long harboured for his daughter, Lucie. Dickens tells us
that:

He had
loved Lucie Manette from the hour of his danger... But, he had not yet spoken to her on
the subject...

Recognising
how important Dr. Manette is to Lucie, Darnay decides to speak to him first before
speaking to Lucie. Thus Darnay declares his love in rather traditional and stilted
language:

readability="17">

"You anticipate what I would say, though you
cannot know how earnestly I say it, how earnestly I feel it, without knowing my secret
heart, and the hopes and fears and anxieties with which it has long been laden. Dear
Doctor Manette, I love your daughter fondly, dearly, disinterestedly, devotedly. If ever
there were love in the world, I love
her."

One cannot doubt the
sincerity of Darnay's serious language, and yet the alliteration in "dearly,
disinterestedly, devotedly" seems to undercut the fervency of this revelation, making
his declaration somewhat lacking in substance, although obviously very
powerful.

In Chapter 11, on the other hand, we have another
revelation of love for Lucie, but made in very different terms. Stryver dangles the
information in front of Sydney, trying to make him guess who he has decided to marry.
When he does not want to play, Stryver tells him,
saying:

"I
don't care about fortune: she is a charming creature, and I have made up my mind to
plese myself: on the whole, I think I can afford to please myself. She will have in me a
man already pretty well off, and a rapidly rising man, and a man of some distinction: it
is a piece of good fortune for her, but she is worthy of good
fortune."

How different a
declaration! The manner of playing with this information in front of Sydney indicates a
frivolous desire and the declaration when it comes is all about Stryver's needs and
wants, and how he can please himself. He uses the declaration as another opportunity to
boast about his prospects and assumes that his offer will be accepted because it would
be "good fortune for her", not worrying about Lucie's feelings in the
matter.

Two very different declarations therefore, but you
really should compare these declarations with Sydney's declaration of love for Lucie in
Chapter 13. Darnay's declaration is stilted but sincere, Stryver's declaration is
inappropriate and arrogant, but true depth of feeling and emotion is revealed by
Sydney's declaration in this Chapter.

HOW DID THE KOREAN WAR END AND WHAT LASTING IMPACT HAS THIS HAD ON NORTH KOREA, SOUTH KOREA, AND U.S.?

The war didn't really end, it just stopped.  There was no
permanent peace deal or treaty, both sides agreed to a cease fire, one that has now been
in place for almost 57 years.  The lasting impact this has is that both countries have
to invest heavily in their militaries to guard the border against the possibility of
another war.  The DMZ, or Demilitarized Zone is a two mile wide stretch of territory
between both countries that is both one of the most heavily mined and heavily patrolled
pieces of land on Earth.

The US has had to maintain a
permenent military presence there, and recently, it was admitted that for a time, we
have kept nuclear weapons there as well, something that did not go over well with the
South Korean public.

North Korea has never recovered from
the war, and so much of its budget today goes towards military spending that the country
is largely without power, adequate food or energy supplies.

What is the underlying meaning of the story "Hills like White Elephants"?

The man and the woman are speaking about abortion. 

This is the primary theme, but there are others: tension, isolation, and disconnection. 

As the couple wait for the train, the woman gazes at the snow topped mountain. 

"They look like white elephants," she said.

"I've never seen one," the man drank his beer.

"No you wouldn't have."

All of the themes of the story are hinted at here.  The woman may be thinking of the mountains and her own body, which will soon be as swollen as the hills.  The fact that they are cold and snow-capped may bespeak the isolation and "coldness" of her partner who does not want the pregnancy.

Additionally, there is symbolism present in calling anything a "white elephant."  A white elephant is something that is not wanted:

"It's really an awfully simple operation, Jig," the man said, "It's not really an operation at all."

The fact that the couple refuse to directly say to one another the words "pregnancy" or "abortion," is akin to the adage, "the elephant in the room," which means something everyone knows but refuses to acknowledge. Even at the end, when there has been no resolution, the woman continues to ignore the (literally) growing problem.  The story closes on these lines:

"Do you feel better?" he asked.

"I feel fine," she said.  "There's nothing wrong with me.  I feel fine."

What is the conflict of the story Bud, Not Buddy?

Remember that there are two major types of conflict:  internal and external. 

 To identify the conflict of a story you have to ask yourself about the major problem.  Is the problem within a character?  Is it a moral issue, or a confusion that the character has about some aspect of life?  If so, then it is an internal conflict within the character.

 If you identify the problem as something that exists between two characters, or between the character and his or her environment, then the conflict is external.

In Buddy's case, he is conflicted within, about his father, and he also has some minor conflicts along the way with other characters and circumstances.

Act 3, Scene 2, Juliet: "Beautiful tyrant! Friend Angelical!... UNTIL: "O nature, what hadst thou to do in hell". What literary device is used?

Your teacher might be looking for the word
oxymoron as an additional literary device. The phrases you
see in those lines that oppose each other qualify for that device. For example, when we
say jumbo shrimp, we are saying big little. These are opposites. She calls Romeo an
honourable villain and a damned saint. These phrases do not work together, they are
oxymorons.

Another device at work is the
rhetorical question that the last line you cited is just
beginning. You can't really talk to nature. Juliet is wondering why Romeo would be both
her love and her great enemy, but this she did know before she got together with
him.

What's the name of the narrator in "The Ransom of Red Chief"?

The narrator of "The Ransom of Red Chief" is Sam. He and Bill Driscoll have cooked up a plan to "pull off a fraudulent town-lot scheme in Western Illinois" and need two thousand dollars to do it. So they come up with another plan: kidnap a member of a wealthy family and hold him or her hostage for the money. Unfortunately for them, their victim turns out to be Johnny Dorset, son of a prominent mortgage broker. Instead of getting their two thousand bucks, they end up having to pay Johnny's father to take him back! 

What is an annotation?

To annotate a text is to write notes, comments or questions in the margins. When reading literature,we usually mark important passages, potential symbols or metaphors, recurring motifs or themes, and allusions. Sometimes people will write definitions of words they don't know or questions they have in the margins. The key to a well annotated text is to put the notes nearby the important passage so that you can find it again. Your teacher should give you some clear direction to help you focus your comments. Use that as your guide. Also, some teachers want you to annotate (or gloss) your text but won't let you write in the book. If that's the case, use sticky notes!

In what way is Winston "the last man?"

I think Winston is "the last man" because he may have been
the last to actually think, judge, deny, desire, and grow ambition. Certainly this book
demonstrates that humans are different from animals in our ability not just to be like
the proles, but to apply complex thinking. When the ability to think for one's self is
completely removed, it seems like a piece of humanity at the very least is
removed.

The proles seemed happy to exist, but took part in
nothing that caused them to affect change on the world that they took part in. To reach
the highest levels of self-actualization in one's life, one wants significance, or at
the very least some kind of meaning, legacy or purpose.

I
also think humanity means a desire for real truth, whatever that may be. When Winston
finally gave in to writing that 2 + 2 = 5, we know his desire for truth had been
defeated.

For Winston, to be human meant to experience
every aspect of humanity: relationship, faith, purpose, entertainment, and
contribution.

Why was the story about cats so silly?it from the book to kill a mockingbird.

In Chapter 2, Miss Caroline tries to read the students a
cute story about some cats who are a lot like human beings.  They have long
conversations and they make clothes and they order food from a drugstore.  I think that
the kids do not like this story because it is too far from their actual life
experiences.

The clue to this is that Scout mentions the
kids' clothes and how they've been working since they were little during her discussion
of the story.  She is basically saying that these kids have tough lives and are not
really interested in this kind of cute story that has so little of a connection to
anything real.

How does Holden and Hamlet think in a negative point of view? How does that isolate them from everyone around them?And how might their judging...

In Catcher in the Rye and
Hamlet, both Holden and Hamlet rant and complain about their
respective societies, and they are justified in doing so.  Post-war America was full of
corrupt, materialistic, sex-starved phonies.  Likewise, Denmark was a prison-like police
state full of murder, incest, and adultery.

Both Holden and
Hamlet have moralistic obsessions: they are all conscience.  Holden is obsessed with
calling out phonies and protecting children and art from obsenity and commercialism.
 Hamlet is obsessed with revenge, salvation, and his mother's
sins.

Neither Holden nor Hamlet offer any redeeming moral
advice or solutions to solve society's problems.  They seem to think their societies are
beyond repair, and they may be right.  Both of them nearly commit suicide because they
find themselves trapped in inescapable, meaningless existences.  Both Holden and Hamlet
are marginalized: they exist on the fringes of society only as critics.  But, they have
the courage to, in Holden's case, go home, and in Hamlet's case, fight
on.

I don't see their viewpoints as negative.  I don't see
them as whiners.  Rather, their rants and complaints are noble and courageous.  The
complain about themselves as much as others.  Both call themselves cowards, but at least
they are cowards with something so say (which, in Holden's case, I find hilarious).
 Indeed, they say what most of us are afraid to say ourselves.  Living outside a
corrupt, materialistic, and conformist society is a kind of religious
duty.

What's the contrast between land and sea in The Hairy Ape, & what are the implications from the expressionist technique?

In life, Eugene O'Neill was extremely amazed with the sea
and long for it as a cathartic means for escape. It is easy, with a psychoanalytical
view to see the connection between O'Neill's life and O'Neill's works. He seemed unable
to separate the two sides of himself making a wonderful, heartbreaking dichotomy ripe
for investigation. The main focus of the play is on the boorish Yank who prefers his
home slaving on the ship at sea to one on land. In his sea home, Yank is clearly the
alpha-male. He feels this sense of power that few workers would have had within society
at this time. At sea, Yank feels at home just as O'Neill always commented on himself.
O'Neill's works have this idea of the sea bring peace to the tormented mind and the sea
being home. Mildred, dressed in white, broke Yank's image of his home. By calling him
"filthy beast" and a "hairy ape" she forces Yank to see how the rest of the world,
outside of his home, views him. Being confronted with this reality, Yank must amend this
wrong. In a sense, Yank needs to save face. If the upper class thinks that it can walk
over the lower class, Yank will prove it wrong. As he and Long walk the New York
streets, Yank acts more like an animal, bumping in to people and being rude. Once he is
released from his cage (the ship, the sea) he is unsure how to act and runs purely on
emotion (instincts). After being arrested, Yank learns that Mildred's father created his
metaphorical prison of a laborers and his actual prison cell. This serves to only
release the beast more, causing him to bend the bars and escape. Free from all his
prisons, Yank does not know what to do. After various other stops, Yank befriends a
caged gorilla. Yank has now accepted his animalistic persona relating himself to his
captured "brother". He releases the gorilla which in turn kills Yank. O'Neill has a lot
to say about the sea, but in the play he advocates the sea's ability to return a man's
humanity that the land/society slowly take away.

What does Amanda nag Tom to provide in "The Glass Menagerie"?

Amanda nags her son Tom about the proper way to chew his food, she reprimands him for going to the movies too much.  She returns a book he is reading to the Library because she thought it was inappropriate.  She accuses him of being selfish. 

But the most important aspect of Amanda's nagging has to do with Tom finding a suitable gentleman caller for his sister, Laura.

When Amanda tells her son that Laura has failed at the Business College, and that she is frightened for her daughter's future, which looks dismal. Tom says:

"What can I do about it? (Williams, p. 35)

She replies:

"Overcome selfishness! Self, self, self is all that you ever think of!" 

Tom does invite a gentleman caller for dinner, but on short notice, Amanda goes into a rant.

"Preparations! Why didn't you phone me at once, as soon as you asked him, the minute that he accepted? Then, dont' you see, I could have begun getting ready!" (Williams, pg. 42)

When the gentleman caller, Jim O'Connor, turns out to be engaged to be married, Amanda berates Tom for not knowing this important fact about his friend.

"You don't know things anywhere! You live in a dream; you manufacture illusions!"

"That's right, now that you've had us make such fools of ourselves." (Williams, pg. 95)

It is Amanda's constant nagging that finally pushes Tom out of the apartment for good.  He abandons his mother and sister, never to see them again. 

Explain the settings in Chekhov's "The Lady with the Pet Dog”?

While we usually mean setting in terms of the physical details of the place in which the action occurs, remember that setting in literature incorporates much more than simple location. When literature is set in a particular place at a particular time, the setting also evokes what we might call atmosphere. Consider that the New York City of 1889 is quite different from the one of 2016, and a Friday in Central Park is quite different at 3:00pm and 3:00am. Setting is always especially important in Chekov.

There are two basic settings—i.e. physical locations—in this story, Yalta and Moscow. The places themselves could not be more different.

Yalta was (and still is) a seaside vacation spot where people go on carefree, sun and sand filled holidays in summer months with nothing in particular to do but seek after personal amusement, away from the daily routine. The setting, then, is perfectly suited to the idleness most closely associated with privilege, a place where people of means go to be both festive and bored.

Moscow, on the other hand, is a bustling city, frightfully cold in winter and dark and crowded with busy people—in other words, the complete opposite of Yalta.

Chekov chose the settings to be different in every conceivable way in order to emphasize and underscore the difference in the two sections of the story, from events to character development to mood.

What is the point of view in Henrik Ibsen's play A Doll's House?

Henrik Ibsen wrote his play A Doll's House in what we call a limited third person point of view. We call point of view third person when we see speech and action, but never learn any thoughts of the characters. Ibsen's play focuses on the character Nora, but only from an outsider's perspective. Because we, the reader/viewer, have not become one with Nora, but still remain outside of her perspective, observing her, we can say that we are not observing her from the first person, but from our own point of view, the third person. However, since Nora is the character that we focus on the most, we can also say that it is a limited third person point of view. We can tell that Nora is the main character, or main focal point, because she is the character who opens the play and is in every scene until she walks out the door.

Furthermore, Ibsen's point of view for A Doll's House can also be categorized as a limited third person narrative with a near proximity. Proximity is determined by how close the narrator gets to the characters' inner thoughts. There is near proximity and distant proximity. With distant proximity the reader/viewer does not learn anything further about the character than what the reader/viewer reads or sees. However, with near proximity narration the reader/viewer has the opportunity to read/observe a central character making side remarks. We see Nora making some side remarks in both acts I and III. For instance, In act I, after Torvald tells Nora that deceitful women poison their homes and their children, leading to immoral human beings like Krogstad, we see Nora pause and whisper to herself "No, no--it isn't true. It's impossible; it must be impossible" (Act I). A few lines further down, while being "pale with terror," Nora asks herself "Deprave my little children? Poison my home?...It's not true. It can't possibly be true" (Act I).

Therefore, because the play is written and viewed from an outsider's perspective, Ibsen's viewpoint is third person. Also, the play focuses on Nora, making it a limited third person narrative, and, we hear some of her thoughts through side remarks, therefore Ibsen's point of view for A Doll's House is limited third person with a near proximity.

Who is Calpurnia? What is her place in the Finch household?

Calopurnia and Miss Maudie both represent female role
models for Scout in divergent ways. Calpurnia is black, which makes her different from
the Finches because of the way in which race is viewed in Maycomb at the time. However,
because she has taken care of the children for so long, she has become almost like a
mother to them. The children are able to see past her skin color and see her only as the
caring woman that she is, someone who will protect them when their father is not around
and who fulfils the role of a mother nicely. Because they learn to see past her skin
color, they are in a much better position to see past Tom Robinson's skin color as well
and to see him as the innocent man that he is. Because of this, they are even more
startled by the outcome of the trial and it gives them a glimpse into the adult world of
hatred and prejudice. They do not like what they see, and rightfully so. This is how
change is made in future generations.

Miss Maudie is also a
female role model. She is a widow, like Atticus, and in some ways acts as his other half
even without a romantic entanglement. She is highly critical of the hypocrisy in the
town, particularly of the so-called church goers - and she is not afraid to share her
wisdom with the children. Her views align with what they have already learned from
Atticus. As a result, her position in the story is to act as a codification of the
values that the children are learning from this experience.

What was Travis's present to Mama in "A Raisin in the Sun"?

Travis gives Mama a gardening hat - a large straw hat with fruits/flowers on it and a ribbon to tie it on with.  The rest of the family thinks it wis very funny, making reference to Mama wearing it to pick cotton, but Travis is absolutely serious with his gift.  Mama, caring grandmother that she is, senses this and promises Travis that she will wear it when Spring comes and she teaches him how to grow "zaleas".  It's a charming moment in the play.

What are some quotes from Darry about Ponyboy and the death of his best buddies in "The Outsiders"?

I think the most significant quote Darry makes about Ponyboy and the deaths of Dally and Johnny is found in Chapter 12.  In this chapter, Ponyboy is refusing to admit the truth about what happened, and is living in a haze, not really caring about anything.  Darry is getting after him to attend to his schoolwork, at which he always excelled, and Ponyboy rebels, telling Darry that school is not a big deal; he'll just have to get a job when he graduates anyway,  Darry replies,

"You're not going to drop out...but schoolwork's not the point.  You're living in a vacuum, Pony, and you're going to have to cut it out.  Johnny and Dally were our buddies, too, but you don't just stop living because you lose someone...You don't quit!"

Darry acknowledges the tragedy of Johnny's and Dally's deaths, but he rightly emphasizes to Ponyboy that life goes on.  His eloquent plea is what Pony needs face and accept the truth of what happened.

In what ways can the character of Lady Catherine be considered comical?

Lady Catherine de Bourgh is an aristocrat who thinks quite
highly of herself. She believes that she has all the knowledge of art, music, education,
and society that could be had, and even extends her self-glorification to the point of
becoming a patroness to artists, clerics, and musicians such as Mr.
Collins.

She is comical because she is so into herself, and
because her ego is so inflated that makes her do things and say things in ways that are
quite exaggerated. First, she meddled into everyone's lives telling them what they are
doing right or wrong. Second, she has totally taken over Collins, whose extreme
admiration of her rank is conversely a feed for her to get even greater airs. She
decided for the decoration of his house, approved his marriage to Charlotte,
consistently tells him what to do and how, and she does the same with Charlotte as
well.

She is also comical in her mannerisms, and how Austen
portrays her in her overly-posh pose with her chin always as high as her ego. It is the
little things she does, and the ways she says things, plus her sense of self importance
that, put together, make a huge mosaic of the eccentric and haughty personality of this
character.

Can you give me brief analysis of Macduff and Banquo?

Banquo is very much like Macbeth.  Having also received a prophecy from the witches, but not acted upon it, he does not give into the temptation of evil.  Banquo is a brave, courageous, honest individual who is betrayed by Macbeth. 

Macduff is a loyal subject of King Duncan who becomes Macbeth's worst nightmare.  Macduff is also a victim of Macbeth's treachery, he survives, but his family dies on  Macbeth's orders. 

Like Banquo, he is the subject of the witches prophecy.  Banquo is part of the first prediction, Macduff is part of the second prophecy that the witches give to Macbeth.

Macduff eventually becomes the instrument of Macbeth's undoing.  Just as Banquo helps to push Macbeth further into madness even after he is dead by haunting him and causing him to exhibit unstable behaviors in front of his court, Macduff finishes the job and stops Macbeth's reign of terror.

What is theme and the meaning in the short story, "The Chrysanthemums" by John Steinbeck?

The theme is the general idea or message about human nature or life that a story can convey.

The meaning stems from how details in a story are used to express the overall theme/general idea of the story. 

Often works of literature include many themes and meanings. It adds to the richness of the text.

One theme of "The Chrysanthemums" is passion.

Elisa has a real passion for gardening. She takes great care and time in growing her Chrysanthemums.

When "the tinker" comes by, she feels that he understands her passion when he expresses interest in her gardening skills and her Chrysanthemums.

However, "the tinker" is exploiting her passion to his advantage. She eventually lets him fix a few pots, thus giving him business.

Later as she travles down the road with her husband, she sees the Chrysanthemums she gave "the tinker," tossed on the side of the road. 

While her passion for gardening is still intact, the idea of a connection with someone she felt understood her passion, is gone.

What is the theme of the story "The Rocking Horse Winner," written by D.H. Lawrence?

Greed is a major theme of this story.  Paul is a selfless boy wanting to help his family.  His mother is a greedy and selfish woman, wanting not to make the family comfortable, but to buy pretty things.  Her greed causes her to lie and sneak, hiding what should be shared from her husband and the rest of the family.  Lawrence not only demonstrates the negative effects of her greed - Paul's death and the conflict within the family - but he also demonstrates the effect of greed on itself.  Greed increases unto itself.  For a greedy person, the more they get, the more the want.  The are never satisfied, as is clearly true of the mother in this story.  She could have $1000 a year to make her comfortable, but she demands all the money at once - which of course leads her to spend it all at once.  Ultimately, her greed destroys Paul and, ironically, the chance the family had to become undeniably wealthy.

Why was there tension between John And Elisabeth at the beginning of Act 2 In "The Crucible"?

In Act II the reader finds out that John Proctor has had an affair with Abigail while she worked for the Proctors. Elizabeth is still dealing with the hurt that John has caused her, and she is distant and cold towards him. The conversation between the two at dinner is strained. Proctor tries to draw Elizabeth into conversation, but she is not receptive. When the subject of the trials comes up, Elizabeth urges John to reveal to the court that Abigail confessed to him that it was all pretense. John, however, is reluctant, and Elizabeth becomes suspicious that he still has feelings for Abigail and rightly so. He explains that he may not be able to prove that she told him that because there were no witnesses. Upon hearing this Elizabeth becomes hurt and angry and accuses John of holding back the truth because of his feelings for Abigail.

Do the characters have the ability to choose what they want to do or are they simply destined to participate in death and destruction?

I do not in any way believe that people have destinies
that cannot be avoided.  Of course, there is no way to prove this one way or the
other.

Now could Romeo and Juliet have chosen differently? 
Of course they could have (except for the fact that Shakespeare was controlling them and
they had to do what he wrote.).  I mean, nothing said that they had to keep trying to
see each other after they had found out they were from enemy families.  Nothing said
that they had to sneak off and get married.  They may talk about fate, but I think they
are just using that as an excuse to do what they want.

Of
course, the story would be way different if they hadn't and it would not be famous.  But
it wasn't destiny, in my opinion, it was their own
impulsiveness.

How did Maxine Hong Kingston rebel by writing The Woman Warrior, and what did she achieve through this rebellion?

Maxine Hong Kingston (born Maxine Ting Ting Hong) is a first generation Chinese-American and The Warrior Woman is her attempt to fight the cultural and historic traditions that influence her search for her own identity. It is autobiographical and steeped in Chinese mythology and the lessons which the females in the Hong family learnt the hard way. Kingston discovers many shocking truths about her own family and her heritage which she refuses to accept as part of her culture because it can never be acceptable for men to treat women badly and never have to face the consequences of their actions. "You must not tell anyone" are the words of Kingston's mother at the beginning of the book and this prepares the reader for the frustrations and almost impenetrable world that Kingston seeks to expose. She rebels by doing exactly what her mother warned her against by telling others and by effectively giving the women of her family and other "nameless" Chinese women a voice.  

Kingston thinks that she is unlikely to have much influence or achieve any real change as an "avenger" and while she acknowledges that "the less you struggle the less it'll hurt," this only encourages her to keep searching and it does not stop her from rebelling against the basic human rights abuses that she exposes through writing about them. it is difficult to combine an American lifestyle with the complex Chinese traditions which cloud her judgment and Kingston compares herself to Fa Mu Lan. Writing is her way of vanquishing her demons. "The reporting is the vengeance." 

Kingston sees people fighting a losing battle. Girls are a burden in Chinese culture and any achievements they make have no real merit as a girl will never "turn into a boy," making her attempts appear futile. However, for Kingston, the hurt and despair she uncovers as she learns more about oppressive Chinese culture or American stereotypes (being referred to as a "chink" ) are also the things that can heal her or give her her victory. She is constantly conflicted however as there the gulf between her Chinese heritage and her Americanism is huge and uncompromising. 

Why did Holden's parents want to have him psychoanalyzed?

Holden's parents have to have him psychoanalyzed; he has a nervous breakdown following his chaotic weekend in New York.  His behavior leading up to the break-down is critical to their decision.

Holden himself admits on page one of the book that he had a mental breakdown.

"I'll just tell you about this madman stuff that happened to me around last Christmas just before I got pretty run-down and had to come out here and take it easy." (Salinger)   

He left school without permission and traveled to New York and did not let his family know that he was home.  He checks into a cheap hotel, gets beat up by a pimp, sneaks into his own apartment to see his sister and sneaks out before his parents see him.  He hides from them.

He seeks comfort at the home of a former teacher and thinks that he is making sexual advances at him, so he runs out in the middle of the night and ends up sleeping in the train station. 

Holden fantasizes about his death, sitting in the freezing Central Park almost wishing that he freeze to death. 

He tells his sister that he intends to hop on a bus and go west to work on a ranch.

In "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow," what might the headless horseman symbolize?

One of the themes of American Literature and American folklore is the differences and comparisons of city people and country people.  Ichabod Crane is a city man, educated , intelligent, gentile, but not the outdoor type.  Once he falls in love with Katrina Van Tassel, he is in direct competition for her affection with Brom Bones who is a country man, a strong, skilled horseman, with a sense of humor.

When the headless horseman is seen by Ichabod Crane, it is done to prove to him that he does not belong in the country.  He is weak, frightened and gullible. 

The story behind the headless horseman about a Hessian soldier who lost his head during the Revolutionary War, and every night he rides his horse looking for his head, has made a distinct impression on Crane, who is interested in spirits and magic.

Brom Bones shows Crane that he is less of a man than he is, because he falls for the tale of the headless horseman and is scared out of his mind.  He does not have what it takes to live in the country.

"Suddenly, he sees a large shadowy figure on the road ahead. It appears to be a headless man riding a horse, and Crane can just make out the shape of a head resting on the pommel of the saddle. Terrified, he races away, chased by the headless horseman. He is unable to escape. The last thing he remembers is the sight of the rider about to throw the head at him; struck by the flying object, he is knocked unconscious to the ground."

Discuss the theme of sight and blindness in Oedipus Rex, how it is important, and how it affects the idea of truth.

One way to approach answering this question is to look at Oedipus and Tiresias, the blind prophet. Although Oedipus, who has the physical ability to see, believes that he can discover the truth about the identity of King Laios' murderer, he is blind to the fact that he himself is guilty. He is also unaware that he has indeed fulfilled another part of the prophecy he tried to escape: married his mother.

Tiresias, on the other hand, is physically blind, but he has the ability to "see" metaphorically; he can make predictions. He also knows the truth about Oedipus' identity, but the old seer doesn't want to reveal this painful reality. 

When Oedipus discovers the awful truths, he gouges out his eyes, thus physically blinding himself to the reality around him; he cannot bear to look at the children he has sired, knowing they are his half-siblings. 

The play is full of references to sight and blindness, to light and dark imagery. All of these reinforce Sophocles' ideas about truth being a matter of perception. 

Why does George shoot Lennie? Do you think this was the right thing for George to do

When reading Of Mice and Men, it's
easy to identify with what George does and feel relief that he's "put Lennie out of his
misery." 

It's a bit different, though, when one looks
objectively, instead of subjectively, at the situation.  When one steps back and gets
some figurative distance from the situation, it's not so easy to side with what George
does.

Lennie is not an old, sick dog.  The parallel between
Lennie and Candy's dog actually reflects negatively on George's mercy killing.  Lennie
is a human being. 

One has to ask, at what point should
George not kill Lennie?  How much more mentally able does Lennie need to be, before it
becomes wrong for George to do what he does?  And who makes that
decision? 

A novel is easy.  We talk about it and know it's
not real.  But as far as the ethical dilemma itself, the issue isn't so
simple.

Romeo and Juliet is the only one of Shakespeare's plays where main characters are teenagers.Discuss three reasons why Shakespeare would choose to...

With such young characters Shakespeare creates a greater
intensity with the tragedy of their deaths. Teenagers are regarded as impetuous, intense
and impulsive. The intensity with which Romeo loves Rosaline is acknowledged then
swiftly dismissed as he meets Juliet. Their love for each other and acceptance of each
other's differences -

readability="5">

What's in a name? That which we call a
rose
By any other name would smell as
sweet."

The young
lovers can see beyond the barriers which have bound their families in bitter feud. There
is a poignancy in the fact that their deaths serve to end the
feud.

 It must also be considered that Shakespeare
'borrowed' much of the material from other sources to formulate his play. Romeo and
Juliet's story was already known, but it is in the emotion and intense action which
results in the tragedy we know today. The youth of the characters emphasises their
vulnerability but also their capacity for change and acceptance - values which the
adults in the play have to learn as a bitter lesson.

In Book Six of The Odyssey, is it pure luck that Nausicaa helps Odysseus? I can't seem to figure out if Athene was involved.

Athene disguises herself as one of Nausikaa's friends and appears to her in a dream vision. Athene plants the suggestion in Nausikaa's mind to show what a good daughter she is and what a good wife she will be by washing the palace laundry. The next morning, Nausikaa and her attendants go to the river to do the laundry. So Athene sends Nausikaa to the place where Odysseus is sleeping, so she will discover him and bring him back to her father. Nausikaa, undaunted by Odysseus's naked body, talks to him, allows him to bathe, and gives him clothes to wear. Her only request is that Odysseus stay in her father's orchard and not enter the city with the girls, so the rules of propriety would not be broken.

What impresses Huck most about the Grangerfords' home in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn?

I think what impresses Huck the most about this house is
how wealthy the people who live there must be.  It is a very nice house with lots of
rich stuff in it.

When Huck first goes in, there are people
pointing guns at him, but he still notices how nice it is.  He says that the parlor they
go into is big and it has a new rug.  If he notices how nice it is in that kind of
situation, it must really be nice.

Then, the next morning,
he thinks a lot about how nice the house is and how it is just as nice (and nicer) than
houses he has seen in towns even though it is a house out in the
country.

So he is clearly impressed by how nice and rich
the house is.

You can find more details in Chapter
17.

What is the radius of a circle of the function x^2+y^2+2x-6y=10 at the center (-1,3).

In a circle with the equation of the
form:

x^2 + y^2 - 2ax - 2by + c =
0

The center of the circle is given by (a,
b).

and radius of the circle is given
by:

Radius = (c - a^2 -
b^2)^(1/2)

The given equation
is:

x^2 + y^2 + 2x - 6y + 10 =
0

Therefore:

a = -1, b = 3,
and c = 10

This center of the circle is (-1,
3).

As we can see this is same as the center given in the
question.

Radius = (c - a^2 -
b^2)^(1/2)

= [10 + (-1)^2 +
3^2]^1/2

= (10 + 1 + 9)^1/2 = 20^1/2 =
4.4721

Please note that we could have calculated the length
of the radius even if the center of the circle was not given.

Give an example of one way the Yankee tried to undermine the knights.

Another way Hank tries to undermine the knights is to do away with the tournament. He hates the chivalric code and everything to do with it. So he tries to get the knights to play baseball instead of jousting and fighting in a melee. The problem is that the knights still wear their armor in the baseball game.

How are Gloucester and King Lear similar when it comes to their acts of self-deception or carnal desire?

Self-deception is really the catalyst behind the downfall of these two men. Ironically, it is their "blindness", both metaphorical and for Gloucester literal, that allows them to regain their clarity. 

Gloucester allows himself to be deceived by the bastard son Edmund who is a product of Gloucester's carnal desires. His poor judgment leads to his eyes being gouged out. When he is turned out on the heath, he allows himself to be led by a "madman" who he doesn't even realize is his own son.  

Lear, too, is deceived but his deception is rooted in his arrogance and his need to have his children tell him what he wants to hear. When Cordelia speaks the truth, his ego is bruised and he lashes out because at this point he is more king than father. Kent even warns Lear to "see better." 

Explain the line "my body spake,not I," in "The Ballad of Father Gilligan."

Here's the context of the line you ask about from "The
Ballad of Father Gilligan," by Yeats.

The old priest Peter
Gilligan
Was weary night and day;
For half his flock were in their
beds,
Or under green sods lay.

Once, while he nodded on a
chair,
At the moth-hour of eve,
Another poor man sent for
him,
And he began to grieve.

‘I have no rest, nor joy, nor
peace,
For people die and die’;
And after cried he,
‘God forgive!
My body spake, not
I!’

He knelt, and leaning on the chair
He
prayed and fell asleep;
And the moth-hour went from the fields,
And
stars began to peep.

I've emboldened the lines you ask
about. 

Poor Father Gilligan is overworked and exhausted. 
Members of his flock are dying faster than he can get to them to comfort them and
deliver the Last Rites to them.  At the end of, apparently, another in a long series of
long days, he is dozing off in a chair when he is summoned by still another dying man. 
He reacts in a way that is really quite natural, but he sees it as a terrible
sin. 

As soon as he realizes what he has said, he begins
pleading for forgiveness.  He says that it was his tired and exhausted body that said
what he said, not his mind.  His body is tired, but his mind didn't mean what he
said.

In the poem, God seems to understand.  Even after the
exhausted priest falls asleep while he is praying for forgiveness and misses the man's
death, God sends an angel in the form of the priest to the dying man to administer the
Last Rites.     

How does Rosie's mother lead a tragic life in "Seventeen Syllables"?

Rosie's mother leads a tragic life because she was born of a culture in which women have little opportunity to seek their own identities.  Trapped in a marriage into which she entered because she had no other option but suicide, she must remain forever submissive to her husband's desires even if it means that she will never be able to pursue her own desires.

Rosie's mother has a passionate interest in writing Japanese poetry.  She has a talent for it, and has won recognition for her work, but her husband is resentful of it, and puts a stop to her efforts at every turn.  When she is engaged in deep conversation about her work with Mr. Hayano, he rudely makes her leave, and when she is given an award for her writing, he literally destroys it, smashing it with an axe and burning it.  Rosie's mother has little choice but to submit uncomplainingly to his abuses.

Rosie's mother had married her husband because she had disgraced herself when she was young by falling in love with a well-to-do young man and having a baby by him out of wedlock.  The subtle condemnation of her family was unrelenting, and she married Mr. Hayashi to escape their bitter censure.  By marrying Mr. Hayashi, however, she had placed herself under his domination forever.

It is significant that Rosie's mother's name is never mentioned in the story.  Her culture prevents her from establishing her own identity, and so her life is doomed to be tragic.

What purpose would Miller have in giving the Crucible a tragic ending?If possible, can you give me specific details in your answer? I understand a...

I think that the choice of a tragic ending was a direct
reflection of the tragedy that was the Salem Witch Trials. Many if the characters in the
play represent actual people who were tried and convicted including the one male
aaccused witch, Giles Cory, who was, in fact, pressed to death. This was a time when
logic and reason did not prevail. For an excellent "real" account of the era, read
Cotton Mather's account of the Trial of Martha Carrier. Mather was a minister, he was
educated, he should have done something to stop the tragedy, but he did not. The reality
wasd that the witch trials brought people back into the folds of the church out of fear
at a time when church attendance was declining. Nothing good at all came out of the
trials, and many innocent people suffered. Nineteen were hanged, Cory was pressed to
death, two people died in prison, and many others spent time in prison for nothing more
than being aaccused of witchcraft, often with no evidence at all (again, look at the
Mather piece and you will see how circumstantial the evidence presented was in the
actual courtroom). I believe that a happy ending would have trivialized the events and
lessened the impact that Miller intended with the piece that serves as not only a social
and historical commentary but also as a warning for future
generations.

What is Atticus's reaction to Tom Robinson's death in "To Kill a Mockingbird"?

Atticus comes home with the news of Tom Robinson's death in the middle of Aunt Alexandra's missionary circle meeting. He asks Calpurnia and Aunt Alexandra into the kitchen and Scout and Miss Maudie follow.

At first, he maintains an impartial tone as he relays the facts of Tom's death and asks Calpurnia to go with him and see Helen Robinson. A moment later, however, he despairs and lets his frustration show:

"We had such a good chance . . .  I told him what I thought, but I couldn't in truth say that we had more than a good chance . . . I guess Tom was tired of white men's chances and preferred to take his own."

Why do you think the author put in the encounter between Calpurnia and Lula?Think about the reasonableness of Lula's position. Wouldn't you ne...

In my opinion, the author is trying to do the following
things when she has Lula reject the white children (and the rest of the congregation
embrace them).

I think that she is trying to show that the
black community is not monolithic -- it has differences of opinion within
it.

I think that she is also trying to show that most of
the black community is tolerant.  This is meant to be a contrast with the white
community where only a few are tolerant and almost everyone else is
not.