Why do you think the author put in the encounter between Calpurnia and Lula?Think about the reasonableness of Lula's position. Wouldn't you ne...

In my opinion, the author is trying to do the following
things when she has Lula reject the white children (and the rest of the congregation
embrace them).

I think that she is trying to show that the
black community is not monolithic -- it has differences of opinion within
it.

I think that she is also trying to show that most of
the black community is tolerant.  This is meant to be a contrast with the white
community where only a few are tolerant and almost everyone else is
not.

In chapter 12 of "Lord of the Flies", how does the author describe Ralph's flights across the island?

Ralph must flee across the island because he is being pursued by Jack and the other boys.  They want to kill him because he is the last one left from the civilized group.  Ralph does not yet understand that the boys themselves were the beast on the island.  His lack of understanding helped to bring down the society on the island.  When he encounters the pig's skull, he still does not realize the true nature of what caused the boys on the island to devolve into savagery, but he does realize that, in order to survive, he will have to fight back.  He has become the savage that he tried so hard not to become, without realiziing it. As he flees, he tries to appeal to the grain of civility left in Samneric, still unaware that savagery has won out, even though he has to think and act like an animal fleeing death.  Earlier he loathed his unkempt state and now he uses that animal-like dirtiness to help him hide from the other boys.  As the boys close in on Ralph, and the island is burning, he suddenly falls to the beach at the feet of the British officer who has come to the island because the smoke was sighted.  Before he fell, though, his only thoughts were on basic survival at any cost.

How does Faulkner balance humor with grotesque and what effect does the tension between humor and grotesqueness have on the overall story?

The deep vile self absorption of the characters is balanced by the ridiculous ends they pursue for ultimately selfish goals. The horrific treatment of Addie's coffin, the effects of the water, the heat and the fire create an image that is so uneasy it is only consumable with laughter. Dark humor accentuates the difficulty of the scene instead of distracting from it.
Vardaman is so lost and forgotten that the reader's burden of empathy is too great without some ridiculous humor to ease the pain. Dewey Dell's mission was doomed to be foiled by the exploitation of the next man she encounters, yet she willingly participates. Cash's injuries are so utterly grotesque they provoke a chuckle and a shaken head from the reader.

Please explain how to annotate poetic lines by using the following lines.Annotate: she looks for the swing in cities with fifteen suburbs and tries...

Annotation is really a simple function of
reading interactively though it has an imposing sounding name derived
from a Latin word meaning to add notes to or to note or mark. And that is precisely what
you do in annotation: you add notes to pages; you note pivotal information; you mark
significant words or phrases. Note however (play on words ...) that annotation is
not highlighting text with long
underlinings. That is called simply "highlighting."

The
modes of annotation to choose from, as spelled out by M.
Keeley of Buck Community College Tutoring Center,
are:

• Underlining an important single word or
  short phrase; e.g., underlining the phrase "to add notes
  to"


• Circling definitions or the meaning of terms; e.g.,
  encircling "reading interactively"


• Writing key words and
  definitions in the margins of pages; e.g., in the page margin you might write "add
  notes, mark; NOT highlight"


• Signalling important
  information by a symbol or key word in the margin; e.g., @ by
  "modes"


• Writing short summaries or important lists at
  page-end or sub-unit end; e.g., list: underline, circle, margins, signal,
  summaries


• Writing questions you have or that you have to
  answer in the margin next to the relevant section; e.g., What is the difference between
  underling and highlighting?


• Indicating steps in a process
  or parts of a subset with numbers in the margin by the relevant steps or parts; e.g., 1
  2 3 4

One practical first step in annotating
these lines you've quoted is to circle ambiguous or unclear words, then add notes about
their meanings.

readability="5">

she looks for the swing
in cities with
fifteen suburbs
and tries to be innocent
about
it

Circle "swing" and
"innocent." These two words each have multiple meanings that are very different one to
the other. For instance, "swing" is a child's toy, a musical genre, a slang expression
for party life. Similarly, "innocent" demotes purity of mind or guiltlessness and can be
literal or metaphorical. After looking these up and deciding the meaning or dual
meanings intended, annotate further by writing this or these meanings in the
margin.

A good next step would be to quickly research the
definition and essential nature of "suburb," then note your result followed by a summary
of your analysis of the vague and symbolically metaphorical line "in cities with fifteen
suburbs." Either the margins or page-top or -end are good spaces for these notes
depending on length. For instance, you might annotate this with margin symbols
corresponding to matching symbols by your two page-end
notes.

Then you might note questions you might have about
the text, such as, "Why would she try to be / need to be innocent looking about her
activities?" Finally, you might draft a summary of your whole analysis at the page-end
lest it be as elusive as this verse and slip away.

What are the character motivations in the Play, A Doll's House? (Mainly Nora and her husband.) How Nora being the protagonist and Krogstad being...

Nora:  Nora's motivations stem from the fact that she wants to please her husband.  She wants to be the perfect wife. She is completely dependent on her husband, or so she thinks (until the end of the play).  She deceives her husband by taking out loans without his consent, lying to him, etc.  She doesn't realize her own strength until the end of the play when she announces she is leaving him.

Torvald (Nora's husband):  He is selfish and motivated by his appearance to the outside world.  He is concerned about propriety and doing the right thing in front of society.  He treats Nora as if she were a doll and a plaything or a little, trivial person in his life in many ways.  He is transparent and clueless that Nora is capable of making her own decisions in her life.

Krogstad: He is motivated by desperation:

He has also been disappointed in love and is bitter. His threats to Nora reflect his anger at being denied the opportunity to start over and his concerns about supporting his dependent children. Accordingly, he is not the unfeeling blackmailer he is presented as in the first act. Once he is reunited with his lost love, Mrs. Linde, he recants and attempts to rectify his earlier actions.

Discuss parts of speech as Open and Closed Classes.

Open classes of words are the
classes that may continually be added to. For instance,
Verbs are an Open class of words because new verbs may be
created at any time and, in fact, are created all the time. "Texting" is a new verb
formed from the noun "text" as in the new compound noun "text message." Which points out
that Nouns are also an Open class of words. Other new nouns
or new meanings of old nouns are widget (1925-1930),
mouse (computer related useage), upquark, and
stranglet. Adjectives and
Adverbs are other Open classes of words as new adjectives
and adverbs can be and are created, though less readily than nouns and
verbs.

Closed classes of words
are those that do not change in terms of the collection of words therein.
Determiners are a Closed class of words: any,
some, a, each, etc. won't be added to.
Prepositions and Conjunctions
are the two other word classes that are Closed and that will not be added to. One
subgroup of words is also
Closed. The Pronoun subgroup of the
Noun class, which is Open, is another Closed class: we will not
have any new pronouns...unless discoveries of extraterrestial life forms demands
it.

How does Hawthorne use symbols to link the four main characters in "The Scarlet Letter"?

All four of the main characters are linked to the Scarlet Letter "A". Hester, of course, must wear the scarlet letter on her chest as a symbol of adultery. Dimmesdale carves or burns a secret letter"A" on his chest which he reveals in the last scaffold scene. Hester dresses her daughter in dresses which have an "A" shape. And Dimmesdale is totally focused on finding the father of Pearl and jumps for joy when he finds an "A" on Dimmesdale's chest. In addition. all of the characters are connected by the scaffold. Hester must stand on the scaffold publicly as punishment for her crime of adultery.In the second scaffold scene, Dimmesdale is drawn to the scaffold in the middle of the night hoping that standing there will help him assuage his guilt. Ironically, Hester, Pearl and Chillingworth are all there by the end of the scene. And finally, all four are at the scaffold in the final scene. Dimmesdale is there to confess, Chillingworth is there to prevent Dimmesdale from confessing, Hester is there to support Dimmesdale, and Pearl is there to be finally acknowledged as Dimmesdale's daughter.

What are two quotes from the play Julius Caesar that show Caesar's pride and/or fear?The quote has to be from Julius Caesar himself.

Obviously the character of Caesar is more famed for his
pride than for anything else, and this is a key feature of his character. Examples of
fear are somewhat harder to come by, but have a look at Act II scene 2 for examples of
both.

This scene is where Calphurnia tries to persuade her
husband not to leave the house today because she has had a dream warning her of Caesar's
death if he does. Look how Caesar answers her fears after news from the
augurers:

readability="12">

Danger knows full
well

That Caesar is more dangerous that
he.

We are two lions littered in one
day,

And I the elder and more
terrible.

And Caesar shall go
forth.

Here Caesar compares
himself to "Danger" and says he is more potent and more "terrible" than Danger as a
force.

I guess you could say the only fear Caesar displays
is a fear of a loss of prestige, status or honour. It is this that allows Decius to
convince him so easily to go to the Senate. Ater Decius' speech where he says Caesar
might not get the crown after all if he does not leave the house, Caesar
replies:

How
foolish do your fears seem now, Calphurnia!

I am ashamed I
did yield to them.

Give me my robe, for I will
go.

It is fear of losing more
power and prestige that makes Caesar bow to the rhetoric and persuasion of Decius, and
ignore the premonition of his wife.

In "A Good Man Is Hard to Find," is the Misfit archetypal of the Devil?

Personally, I do see him as archetypal. "Symbol" is too broad a term to attach to a character who parallels the Devil so closely. He's not just representative of some vague idea of evil but rather plays out the fall of Satan with too much matching detail to ignore. However, just remember this is all personal speculation.

1) He states his "Daddy" singled him out from the rest of his brothers and sisters as being the one who will not simply conform, but will ask questions--and difficult ones, at that. Compare to Satan being cast out of heaven for doubting the absolute supremacy of God.

2) He is sent to the penitentiary and can't remember his sin or, more importantly, a suitable justification. The penitentiary is described as being nothing less than hellish because of its emptiness. Since he's unable to remember having committed a crime that would deserve such hell, he states that he commits horrible crimes after his release in order to deserve it. It's a weird, disgusting logic, but it certainly fits the root of all evil.

3) When he first mentions his "Daddy," he says he has a heart of gold. Later, he talks about how he had a way of handling the Authorities. The Authority, in this case, would be humanity; although it cannot dominate his father, it can judge and either reject or take.

4) As the grandmother escalates in her witness of Jesus in attempting to convert the Misfit, he becomes more bitter. Ultimately, he says that Jesus "shown everything off balance" when he resurrected the dead. The Misfit, then, leads the living astray in order to tempt them and take their lives again.

Biblically, Satan is also an implicitly essential balance. Jesus is the right hand of God, and Lucifer is the left.

5) When the Misfit talks about his past careers, he seems almost omnipresent. First, he says he was once a gospel singer (a state of grace), then an undertaker (grotesque); he saw a woman burned alive (witches) and plowed the Mother Earth (general presence).

6) One of his henchmen, wearing stolen clothes, has a silver stallion emblazoned on his chest. Horsemen of the Apocalypse? (This one is a pretty long stretch. There are only three henchmen and there are four horsemen, and, but for the stallion, there is no physical horse. Still, it's worth mentioning.)

There are other similarities, but this should get you started on the right track. I repeat, though, that this is just personal speculation.

The following is a much more balanced resource that, near the end, shows that O'Connor truly didn't mean for the Misfit to be a total embodiment of the devil. The differences between her story and the Biblical comparison are what make up her true message, which I haven't even touched. I don't claim credit to it.

How do you think a director in Shakespeare’s time might solve the problem of staging a ghost?

If we read the text of the ghost scenes carefully, I think we can piece together that Shakespeare rather neatly sidesteps the need for any special effects.

In Act 1, Scene 1, Bernardo remarks that the ghost comes 'in the same figure like the King that's dead' - that the ghost, in short, looks exactly the dead King used to look. It is, Horatio later mentions, a 'fair and warlike form'. If its form is 'fair', there's no rotting flesh, no zombie eyes: what's freaky about this ghost is that it's so instantly familiar, but that the person it looks like is dead and buried.

Horatio reiterates this later on, before providing us with some useful further information:

MARCELLUS: Is it not like the King?
 HORATIO: As thou art to thyself.
Such was the very armour he had on
When he the ambitious Norway combated.

The ghost, in short, wears a full suit of armour: you can't see his body. And the characters helpfully point out that this suit of armour is one that King Hamlet used to wear. Again, there's no white sheets: Shakespeare provides the solution within the text.

Finally, there would have been a trapdoor in the stage which scholars think that the ghost would have used for his cries of 'Swear' in Act 1, Scene 5 from under the stage (Hamlet compares him to a mole, burrowing under the earth). However, the 'crane' stage machinery is believed not to have been installed in the Elizabethan theatre until long after Shakespeare wrote Hamlet.

What does the ghost of Martha represents for Svidrigilov in Crime and Punishment?

Svidrigalov is deliberately presented in a very ambiguous way. Both Raskolnikov and the reader is never quite able to work out what his motives are and what really drives him. In his passion for Dunya, for example, he makes a fool of himself and explains to Raskolnikov that he is a slave to his passions and therefore to be pitied. However, the reference he makes to the ghost of his dead wife appearing to him seems to suggest that he is somewhat mentally unstable, and this is something Raskolnikov himself acknowledges when he tells Svidrigalov that he is sick and that he should go and see a doctor. When considering the importance of these ghostly vistations from Martha, it is vital to consider what Svidrigalov himself says about ghosts and what they signify:

...ghosts are, as it were, shreds and fragments of other worlds, the beginning of them. A man in health has, of course, no reason to see them, because he is above all a man of this earth and is bound for the sake of completeness and order to live only in this life. But as soon as one is ill, as soon as the normal earthly order of the organism is broken, one begins to realise the possibility of another world; and the more seriously ill one is, the closer becomes one's contact with that other world, so that as soon as the man dies he steps straight into that world.

To Svidrigalov himself, therefore, the apparition of his wife that he sees is not important in itself, and he is clearly not frightened of it from the way he talks about how he had a conversation with his dead wife's ghost. Rather, the importance of these ghostly visitations lies in what they reveal about Svidrigalov himself as a character. Svidrigalov acknowledges that his ability to see his wife's ghost makes him "ill," and points towards some kind of mental imbalance or sickness. This, in turn, indicates that he, in many ways like Raskolnikov, is a dysfunctional figure in society. 

What is direct characterization of Gatsby?

Direct characterization of
the character, Jay Gatsby, in the novel, The Great Gatsby, would
consist of anything that the narrator, Nick,
says directly about Gatsby.  Direct methods of characterization include
description and/or commentary,
by the narrator, of or about a
character. 

Indirect
characterization would be dialogue or
actions that characterize or reveal what Gatsby is like. 
Direct characterization is Nick telling the reader what Gatsby is
like. 

An example of direct characterization by Nick, the
narrator, occurs on page 101 of my edition:

readability="9">

As I went over to say goodbye I saw that the
expression of bewilderment had come back into Gatsby's face, as though a faint doubt had
occurred to him as to the quality of his present happiness.  Almost five years!  There
must have been moments even that afternoon when Daisy tumbled short of his dreams--not
through her own fault but because of the colossal vitality of his
illusion.

Nick tells the
reader that Gatsby's illusion of Daisy and their past relationship is "colossal," that
it contains "colossal vitality."  This is direct characterization.  He also tells the
reader that Gatsby is bewildered--that, too is direct
characterization. 

Of course, since Nick is a first-person
narrator and is somewhat unreliable, you should be aware that this is a conclusion Nick
is drawing about Gatsby--and it's possible he's wrong.    

How does Lyman provide a different perspective on one of the characters from Love Medicine by Louise Erdrich?

Lyman Lamartine is from Louise Erdrich's novel, Love Medicine, in the chapter entitled, "The Red Convertible."

The story is about Lyman and his brother Henry. The brothers share a close relationship, and a good bit of it surrounds the red convertible which they bought with money Lyman received when his cafe was destroyed.

Lyman, being so close to his brother, is able to provide a before and after "shot" of Henry: before he went to Vietnam and after he returned.

Before Henry left, the two had a lot of fun together. They traveled all the way to Alaska simply to give a girl a ride home, and then stayed for a while. The young men knew how to live in the moment and not push too hard. Life came to them as it does with everyone, but their approach was different: they were easy going and lived spontaneously.

When Henry returns home from Vietnam, is a a changed man. Henry, as Lyman sees it, seems to have lost his joy for life, his ability to live in the moment. All Henry wants to do is watch TV, as if it takes him to a place where he does not need to live, but can only "be.' Lyman knows something special has left his brother, and he tries desperately to wake it, as if it were only sleeping inside him somewhere.

Eventually, Lyman bangs up the convertible, sitting in the garage since Henry came home. Lyman seems to come out of his "trance," and joins the world again. Lyman is hopeful his brother is now taking steps toward recovery. Everyday the car is closer to its original condition.

Lyman stops momentarily to describe a picture that provides insight to the changes in Henry, and foreshadowing as well. Their sister Bonita took the snapshot before Lyman and Henry took their trip to the Red River.

...the shadows on [Henry's] face are deep as holes. There are two shadows curved like little hooks around the ends of his smile, as if to...keep it there—that one, first smile that looked like it might have hurt his face.

Lyman and Henry drive through the beautiful landscape that surrounds them. There is hope in the world coming to life around them:

When everything starts changing, drying up, clearing off, you feel like your whole life is starting. Henry felt it, too...It's not that he smiled again or even joked, but his face looked to me as if it was clear, more peaceful...as though he wasn't thinking about anything in particular...

Lyman tries to get Henry to come  back to him: all of a sudden, Lyman knows exactly how his brother has been feeling—and it makes him frantic.

The two argue about the car; they get into a fistfight. It isn't long before they are laughing, and then Henry begins to dance. Lyman thinks: "...it's the old Henry again."

Henry wants to swim, and jumps into the high, raging river. The current carries him away: he doesn't swim. He simply lets go and follows its flow, even while his boots fill and he slips under. Lyman tries to save him, but can't. Climbing out of the water, Lyman directs the empty car into the river where Henry had entered it. Finally, there is only the sound of the water running...running...just as Henry had tried to run from the ghosts that lived in his heart.

Because the brothers are so close, Lyman can provide a different perspective to Henry's story—by showing the reader the Henry of the past and comparing him to the Henry who comes back. Lyman's brother hadn't been "alive" anymore; it seems his life was already over long before he stepped through the back door. One might say Henry "died" in Vietnam.

What was the razzia used to find in the book The Hiding Place?

The razzia was a method of "lighning search and seizure"
in which the German soldiers would suddenly surround a given neighborhood and sweep
through it, searching for males between the ages of sixteen and thirty whom they would
forcibly conscript for work in their munitions factories. Every family with young men
lived in terror of these sudden intrusions, and many, such as Flip and Nollie, created
emergency hiding places in their homes where the vulnerable men could be concealed until
the danger was past. Flip and Nollie had rearranged their kitchen for this purpose,
enlarging the trapdoor to the potato cellar built beneath the floor, then covering the
opening with a carpet and placing the large kitchen table directly on top. This hiding
place was not meant to be effective in the case of a thorough, sustained search, but for
a "swoop" by soldiers, it was thought to be sufficient. As it turned out, when soldiers
arrived on Flip's birthday, Flip and Nollie's two son,s Peter and Bob, hid in the
cellar, and though the house was cursorily searched, they were not discovered.
Interestingly, when the soldiers asked daughter Cocky where her brothers were, she,
unable to lie, told them, "Why, they're under the table," and began to laugh
hysterically. The soldiers, thinking that she was taking them for fools, did not look
under the table, but left in disgust (Chapter 7).

What are the hemes of culture poems. Why are they written?Personal reasons why poets write culture poems."A Sailor's Life"

Poets have different reasons for writing about their cultures, but among the primary ones are to record the elements of that culture for all people to read and grasp an understanding as well as an outlet for emotion.  Poets usually write as an outlet or reaction to events in their lives--personal, local, state, federal, national events.  A prime example is the outpouring of poetry from all over the world in response to the attack on the World Trade Center on 9/11.  Those poems record the event, but from different points of view and different cultures around the globe.

Culture includes ideas, traditions, types of food, anything considered taboo, belief systems, values, religion, and even groups as specific as nail technicians and housewives have a particular culture particular to them.  Some or alll of these elements will appear in a poem where culture is the focus. See the links below for more ideas.  Good Luck!

Can someone explain the trial in To Kill A Mockingbird to me please?

Tom Robertson was aquised of raping Mayella Ewell. Mayella's father, Bob, used Mayella as a was to please himself, such as "a wife should". Everyday Mayella had a chore or job for Tom to do, as Tom walked home everyday. Tom said he did these for her because he "felt sorry for her".

One day she invited him in, and kissed him, but she did not realize that her father was watching and saw what had happened.

As soon as Bob Ewell seen what had happened he came in and started beating Mayella. Tom had no choice but to run away. Bob Ewell decided to take it to court, and Mayella is on her fathers side, hoping that the town does not degrade her because, her father is known as the town drunk already.

In the courtroom, Atticus (Tom's Lawyer) proves Tom is inocent because Mayella has a bruise on her left eye. He had Tom sign his name on a piece of paper, and saw that he signed it with his left hand.

He threw an object from the Judge's desk to Tom, and Tom caught it with his right hand. Tom is unable to use his left hand, because when he was younger it was caught in a cotton gin and riped his muscles apart.

Atticus proved Tom innocent, but because of racial discrimination in this time, he was guilty, all because he was black.

Tom got sent to jail, and had to stay until another possible trial. Tom was in the exercises yard, at the prison when he was shot.

The guards claimed he tried to run away, and shot him dead. But many knew, that was just an excuse to kill a black man which they knew was innocent.

One day somebody attacks Atticus' children, when he threaten he would (Bob Ewell). Somebody tried to save the children while Jem is knocked unconscious, and Scout unable to move.

When the stranger takes Jem home Scout follows. When she is in the bedroom with Jem and her father she sees the stanger's face for the first time, and discovers its,,,,,

not really a bad person, but someone who was judge, just like Tom was.

Explain the Civil Rights Act of 1964.Summarize the main points of the act.

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was under development during President Kennedy's administration but was pushed through Congress with the skill of President Johnson.

It gave minorities access to many public facilities and federal programs. Title VII, prevents the discrimination of employees based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

In what part does Holden say or do things that indicate that he hates adults, since in his point of view they are phonies?Can you also provide...

You can find examples of Holden's mistrust and dislike of 
adults throughout the novel. For example, in the very beginning (and the first time we
see him use the word "phony") he refers to the headmaster of Pencey as being a "phony
slob." He describes a speech he heard at Pencey given by an undertaker in which the man
tried to appear reverent and religious, mentioning that he "prayed to Jesus" while
driving his car. This really set Holden off, and he concluded that the man was just
trying to pray for more "stiffs" to increase his business. A total phony. His teacher,
Mr. Spencer, tries to lecture him on doing better in school, but he dismisses this
advice because as an adult, Mr. Spencer just does not
understand.

When he goes to New York, he runs into his
older brother's former girlfriend, who is a huge "phony." His favorite teacher, Mr.
Antolini, gives Holden some really good advice, but unfortunately, Antolini sabatoges
his own advice because while he is giving it, he is drinking heavily and getting drunk.
Holden observes that the advice may not be valid when given by a drunk, and when he
awakens to Mr. Antolini stroking his head, he automatically assumes it is an advance,
and flees. This shows he does not trust adults because he automatically assumes the
worst.

Finally, the only people that Holden feels
comfortable around are children - his deceased brother Allie, and his little sister
Phoebe. Everyone else is a phony.

From "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer", what insect does Tom watch in church, during the preacher's sermon?

Tom actually watches two different bugs instead of listening to the preacher. In chapter 5, Tom "did not enjoy the prayer, he only endured it--if he even did that much." His attention is captured by a fly on the pew in front of him. He watches it throughout the prayer and just "itches" to catch it, but he doesn't dare during the prayer. When the preacher says, "Amen," however, Tom does grab the fly, but Aunt Polly makes him let it go.

The other bug is what Tom calls a "pinchbug," a large black beetle. After having to let the fly go and still bored with the sermon, he remembers that he has the bug in a box in his pocket. The scene becomes comical when the bug bites Tom on the finger, making Tom drop it on the floor. Other churchgoers begin to notice the bug, especially when a stray dog comes into church and decides to sit down right on top of the bug. That's such a funny scene, you'll just have to read it for yourself!

What is the setting of "The Red-Headed League"?[question originally posted by bartola4169]

Arthur Conan Doyle frankly acknowledged his profound indebtedness to Edgar Allan Poe, who created C. Auguste Dupin the amateur detective in “The Murders in the Rue Morgue” and “The Purloined Letter” and then lost interest in armchair detectives. Poe was a genius. With a few strokes of his pen he devised most of the conventions of this sub-genre, including the technique of telling the story from the viewpoint of the detective’s close friend—Dr. Watson, in the case of Sherlock Holmes, and the anonymous narrator in the case of Dupin.

These two armchair detectives and their friends enjoy lives of luxury and indolence which their readers envy. The long-lasting appeal of the Sherlock Holmes stories is largely due to our identification with their lifestyles. Who would not like to live at 221B Baker Street, lounging, musing, reading books and newspapers, having Mrs. Hudson to respond to our every beck and call, rarely having to go outside if the weather is bad, but comfortably ensconced by the fireplace wrapped in a woolen dressing gown? Money is no problem because wealthy clients show up in carriages and pay generously for advice.

Poe invented this setting and this lifestyle. Here is a small sample from the opening of “The Purloined Letter”:

At Paris, just after dark one gusty evening in the autumn of 18--, I was enjoying the twofold luxury of meditation and a meerschaum, in company with my friend, C. Auguste Dupin, in his little back library, or book-closet, au troisieme, No. 33 Rue Dunot, Faubourg St. Germain.

Notice that it is a gusty evening outside. The weather is often inclement in Doyle’s stories too. This helps to emphasize the snugness inside. While Dupin and his friend are indulging in their twofold luxury, they are visited by Monsieur G- the Prefect of the Parisian police. He has to come to Dupin in spite of the weather. British policemen usually come to Baker Street too, and not only detectives but government officials of the highest rank and even members of royal houses.

Like Poe’s two detective stories, those of Doyle often begin and end in the snug lodgings of Sherlock Holmes. Note how “The Red-headed League,” for example, begins at Baker Street. Then Holmes and Watson go to inspect the neighborhood of Jabez Wilson’s pawn shop and spend the remainder of the day listening to Sarasate playing the violin at St. James’s Hall, after which they separate and agree to meet again at ten that night. After the dramatic climax in the basement of the bank, they return to Baker Street, where Holmes explains everything over a glass of whisky and soda. These comings and goings are characteristic of the Sherlock Holmes stories. They allow Doyle to vary the settings and provide visual contrast, and they usually reinforce the notion that Holmes is indolent but capable of tremendous bursts of energy when the situation demands it.

The swing of his nature took him from extreme languor to devouring energy; and, as I knew well, he was never so truly formidable as when, for days on end, he had been lounging in his armchair amid his improvisations and his black-letter editions.

The reader likes to think of himself as someone like Holmes or Dupin. In fact we all like to think of ourselves as potential men of action—even Supermen—if the occasion should ever demand it. Meanwhile we’ll stay close to the fire and perhaps ccasionally glance out the window at the huddled pedestrians on those wet streets.

What were the causes and effects of Pearl Harbor?

It is highly probable that many in the US, including the President, knew of an emminent attack on Pearl Harbor prior to Dec. 7th.

On January 27, 1941, the Peruvian envoy in Tokyo told the third secretary in the US embassy that he had learnt from intelligence sources that the Japanese had a war plan which involved an attack on Pearl Harbor. On 10 July, the US military attaché in Tokyo reported that the Japanese Navy were secretly practicing airborne torpedo attacks on targets moored in Ariake Bay-a bay that resembles Pearl Harbor. The US military attaché in Mexico also reported that the Japanese were building midget submarines which would be towed to Hawaii for an attack on Pearl Harbor.

A top British agent, codenamed 'Tricycle,' told the FBI that the Japanese planned to attack Pearl Harbor, but his information was dismissed. And a Korean agent told American broadcaster Eric Severeid that the Japanese were going to attack Pearl Harbor. The agent repeated his story to a US Senator who alerted the State Department, US Army and Navy intelligence, and President Roosevelt personally.

American intelligence had broken all the Japanese codes. On 24 September 1941, a message from Japanese Naval Intelligence headquarters in Tokyo to the Japanese consul general in Honolulu was deciphered. It requested the exact locations of all US Navy ships in Pearl Harbor. Such detailed information would only be required if the Japanese were planning an attack on the ships at their moorings. In November, another message was intercepted ordering more drills involving attacks on capital ships at anchor in preparation to 'ambush and completely destroy the US enemy.' The only American fleet within reach was at Pearl Harbor.

On 25 November, a radio message from Admiral Yamamoto ordering the Japanese task force to attack the US fleet in Hawaii was intercepted. US Intelligence was understaffed and it is not known whether this message was decoded at the time. However, that same day, the US Secretary of War, Henry Stimson, noted in his diary:

'FDR stated that we were likely to be attacked perhaps as soon as next Monday. FDR asked: 'The question was how we should maneuver them into the position of firing the first shot without too much danger to ourselves. In spite of the risk involved, however, in letting the Japanese fire the first shot, we realized that in order to have the full support of the American people it was desirable to make sure that the Japanese be the ones to do this so that there should remain no doubt in anyone's mind as to who were the aggressors.''

On 29 November, US Secretary of State Cordell Hull showed a reporter from The New York Times a message saying that Pearl Harbor was going to be attacked on 7 December. As the attack approached, the American government received information from numerous sources that 7 December would be the day. On 1 December, Naval Intelligence in San Francisco worked out from news reports and signals picked up by shipping companies that the Japanese fleet that had disappeared from home waters was then to the west of Hawaii. Those who believe that Roosevelt knew about the attack all along maintain that a number of other reports say that the Japanese would strike at Pearl Harbor, but they have yet to be declassified.

http://ospreypearlharbor.com/debate/roosevelt%20.php

Why did the United States invade Grenada in 1983?

The answer to this question should not rest at the US Government's standard, "pat" answer which is simply not the truth. 

1.  The British firm Plessey was supervising the construction of the commercial airport with the full knowledge and support of Margaret Thatcher, Reagan's right wing friend. 

2.  The Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS), the charter of which allows for "arrangements for collective security against external aggression," however, since Grenada was a member of the OECS, there was no external aggression. The article stipulates that decisions for such actions must be unanimous among member states, which was not the case, since Grenada, St. Kitts-Nevis, and Montserrat did not support it. In addition, the United States is not even a party to the agreement.

3.  The major justification for the invasion was the protection of American lives. Particular concern was expressed over the fate of 800 American students at the U.S.-run St. George's University School of Medicine. It appears, however, that the students' lives were never actually in any danger prior to the invasion itself; the State Department's Milan Bish offer of U.S. military intervention to protect the students were refused; and five hundred parents of the medical students cabled President Reagan to insist he not take any "precipitous action."

Let's look at what was actually achieved by this "upstart" socialist county within the previous 4 years.

□        A 9% cumulative growth rate.

□        Unemployment dropped from 49% to 14%. Diversified agriculture, developed cooperatives, and created an agri-industrial base that led to a reduction of food and total imports from over 40% to 28% at a time when market prices for agricultural products were collapsing worldwide.

□        The literary rate, already at a respectable 85%, grew to about 98%, higher than most industrialized countries.

□        A free secondary education system was established, the number of secondary schools tripled, and scores of Grenadans received scholarships for studies abroad.

□        A free health care system was established

□        Ambitious programs in the development of the fishing industry, handicrafts, housing, tourism, the expansion of roads and transport systems, and the upgrading of public utilities. and a new commercial airport supervised by a British construction company was begun.

The chief reason for the invasion is speculated to be a need to eclipse the media story of the loss of the American military in Lebanon two days earlier. 

Investment and tax codes were revised to favor foreign investment; cooperatives and states enterprises were sold to private interests. Billboards that had inspired the population to work for justice, equality, development, and national sovereignty were quickly replaced by those designed to inspire them to buy American consumer products. Corporate capitalism creating wealth at the expense of an impoverished third world nation...sound familiar?

What are Nelly's habits in "Forty Acres and Maybe a Mule"?

Nelly's most conspicuous habit is that she twists her braids.  She wears her hair in six long braids, and when she is thinking, or speaking - just anytime really - she takes one or another of them in her hand and twists it. 

Nelly is only eight years old when she leaves the plantation with Pascal and Gideon after the war.  At first she is frightened and timid, but she soon begins to develop as a character, taking on responsibilities like cooking and caring for the brothers like a mother.  Nelly is intelligent and has the habit of thinking ahead and getting to the heart of matters.  It is she who has the presence of mind to bring along a cooking pot, and, despite her age, it is also Nelly who first grasps and articulates what freedom really is.  When Gideon says that freedom is all about owning land and gaining respects, she retorts that if that's what he thinks, he isn't free yet.  Nelly knows instinctively that "freedom's something inside you", something in an individual's heart that cannot be taken away (Chapter 3).

Perhaps the most endearing habit of Nelly's is her ability lift the spirits of everyone around her.  Creative and imaginative, she  teaches Pascal to play games with his shadow and look for pretty pebbles on the road.  Although she perceives truth more clearly than the older people around her, she remains the eternal optimist, dancing and glorying in the feeling of freedom and just being alive.

Compare and contrast Elinor to Marianne in "Sense and Sensibility".

On the surface, both sisters are in dire straits with the death of their father, as their inheritance goes to their older brother, with minimal support due to the interference of Fanny, their sister-in-law. Both are in love with men who are, in some way, out of reach and unavailable, though Marianne does not disciver Willoughby's unavailability until later.

In contrast, Elinor embodies sense. She is in control of her emotions and is the leader of the two (in fact, the leader of the family due to her mother's intense grief). Marianne, however, is all sensibility (or as we would say, sensitivity). She in no ways endeavors to conceal her emotions and is constantly ruled by them.

In the end, as all triumphs in love, both sisters marry what may be called "safe" men. Men with good, if not extravagant income, who are pleasant though not wildly exciting and attractive. They both find happiness in marital bliss in its most coservative sense, appropriate for the late 18th century.

In "That Was Then, This is Now," why did Connie condemn Mike when he dropped her off at her house?Instead of defend him? What do you think...

VERY good question. In my opinion, and what I teach my kids, Connie condemned Mike after he took her home just out of fear and being sick of being victimized. Although Mike was nice to her and took her home, he did fraternize with the boys who tormented her at the store. Guilt by association. Now she had the opportunity to teach one of the white bigots a lesson by doing the same thing to him as what is done to her on a daily basis. Granted two wrongs don't make a right, but sometimes it just feels good to have a lil revenge.

Who is Macdonwald in Macbeth and how does he die?

Macdonwald is not a character who appears in the play. He is the leader of the rebel forces fighting against the King of Scotland. He is mentioned in Act I, scene 2, when Macbeth is praised for defeating Macdonwald in battle. Macbeth is given two new titles as a result of this victory. You might say this victory is actually the beginning of Macbeth's downfall.

Although the characters in this play are historical figures, the play itself does not follow historic fact. According to Raphael Holinshed, on whose chronicles Shakespeare based the play, knowing that he would be executed, Macdonwald retreated to his home, killed his wife and children, and then committed suicide. Macbeth found the bodies and decapitated the dead rebel.

In The Tragedy of Julius Caesar, what really happens on the battlefield in Act 5?

The battle scenes in Act V of The Tragedy of Julius Caesar can be very confusing for readers. In fact, they are confusing to readers because they were also confusing to the characters who fought in them.

First, it is necessary to understand that there was more than one battle going on. Brutus and Cassius were allied against Antony and Octavius. When the fighting begins, Brutus’ army goes into battle against Octavius, and Cassius fights against Antony.

Cassius is pushed back by Antony’s forces and is on the verge of defeat. Brutus’ army, however, has successfully pushed Octavius’ men into retreat.

At this point, Brutus and Cassius still might win the war and save themselves. It is here, however, that a fatal misunderstanding occurs that changes everything and dooms Cassius and Brutus.

Cassius has retreated. When he looks back at the tents of his camp, he sees soldiers there. Not knowing whose soldiers they are, he sends one of his men, Titinius, to investigate His fear is that they are Antony’s men and that he is surrounded and doomed. Then he tells Pindarus to stand on a hilltop and observe Titinius. This is where the fatal mistake occurs. As Pindarus watches, Titinius is surrounded by the men in Cassius’ camp. He tells Cassius:

Titinius is enclosed round about
With horsemen, that make to him on the spur;
Yet he spurs on. Now they are almost on him.
Now, Titinius! Now some light. O, he lights too.
He's ta'en.

Pindarus perceives this to mean that these are Antony’s men and that Titinius has been captured.

Believing this insures his defeat, Cassius no longer wishes to live. He tells Pindarus:

Now be a freeman: and with this good sword,

That ran through Caesar's bowels, search this bosom.
Stand not to answer: here, take thou the hilts;
And, when my face is cover'd, as 'tis now,
Guide thou the sword.

Then Pindarus kills Cassius.

Soon Brutus and his men reach Cassius and see what has happened. By then Cassius’ army is in disarray and of no use, and Brutus is left to fight both Antony and Octavius. When his defeat becomes evident, Brutus too commits suicide.

What is the significance of the name "MYOP" in The Flowers?

I think the previous answerer meant to say Myopia, which is the medical name for nearsightedness. However, Myopathy, which is a muscular disease, fits the character as well. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke defines myopathy as a neuromuscular disorder

in which the primary symptom is muscle weakness due to dysfunction of muscle fiber. Other symptoms of myopathy can include include muscle cramps, stiffness, and spasm.

Ordinarily when a 10-year-old child--or a person of any age--not just discovers a dead body but actually steps on it, the response would be horror. We expect her to run screaming to tell someone. Myop, however, just reaches down to pull her shoe out of the man's head, as if her reactions are dysfunctional. She even continues to pick flowers. The only thing that seems to move her is the sight of the noose around the dead man's neck.

What are examples of "The Law of the Jungle" in The Jungle Book?

In The Jungle Book, the "Law of the Jungle" is a set of rules by which the civilized animals conduct their lives and business. Since the animals are more intelligent than in real life, they are able to codify and create a set of rules to govern their behavior; the rules are based in pragmatism and instinct, since some of the animals are not as civilized, and wild nature dictates a level of response to attack, rather than reasoned argument or discourse. A good example is the prohibition against killing Men:

The Law... forbids every beast to eat Man except when he is killing... man-killing means, sooner or later, the arrival of white men on elephants, with guns...

As shown, this Law is bad in pragmatism, since indiscriminate killing of Men means large-scale retribution. In the end, animals will fall to Man's guns, so it is better to not incite Man with random killings.

Another example is punishment; to the animals, there is no sense in grudges if the Law is broken. When Bagheera's honor is damaged by Mowgli's actions, the law dictates that Mowgli be punished, despite his regret; however, this punishment acts to wipe the record clean, and there is no resentment.

One of the beauties of Jungle Law is that punishment settles all scored. There is no nagging afterward.
(Kipling, The Jungle Book, Google Books)

Other Laws are explained in the text through action and by Baloo, who serves as teacher; each Law acts on the story, dictating how Mowgli grows and learns to live with the animals according to their rules and instincts. Mowgli's own instincts are of Man, and so he thinks differently, but he understands the need to abide by the Law, despite his own instincts to the contrary.

When Pony asks what kind of a world it is, what comment is he making about how society judges people in The Outsiders?

According to Ponyboy, the narrator of Susan E. Hinton's teen novel, The Outsiders, greasers may not have much, but they do have two things of which to be proud: their "rep" and long hair. As Ponyboy waits for his brothers to head to the site of the rumble, he already understands that the big fight will not decide anything. Randy, the Soc who has decided not to participate in the rumble, has told him: 

"Even if you win you'll still be at the bottom. And we'll still be the lucky ones with all the breaks. It doesn't matter. The Greasers will still be Greasers and the Soc's will still be Soc's. It doesn't matter."

Ponyboy asks himself the question:

"What kind of world is it where all I have to be proud of is a reputation for being a hood, and greasy hair? I don't want to be a hood, but even if I don't steal things and mug people and get boozed up, I'm marked lousy. Why should I be proud of it? Why should I even pretend to be proud of it?"

Even at his young age, Ponyboy realizes how tough it is to shed a label once one is placed upon you. He has many outstanding qualities--heroic, handsome, intelligent, caring--but when people look at him, all they see is a greaser. Winning the rumble will not change this perception--even with the soon-to-be-loser Socs. At the end of the novel, however, Pony does make an attempt to show how he is different--by telling his story that will become The Outsiders.

In 1984 what happens in the book, from after Winston is caught until the end?

The second half of 1984 is all about
torture.  Winston is taken to the Ministry of Love, which is a machinery of torture: it
has torture chambers within torture chambers.

First,
Winston is broken physically.  He is beaten and starved.  Some of his teeth and hair
fall out.

Then, he is psychologically tortured by O'Brien,
who may very well be Big Brother himself.  O'Brien calmly begins the process of turning
Winston into a unperson.  He uses his mother and Julia against him: women are all
traitors; one must love Big Brother only.

To make sure his
psychological re-conditioning worked, O'Brien gets Winston to unthink even his most
basic thoughts by admitting that 2 + 2 = 5.

Then, O'Brien
uses Winston's worst fear against him: rats.  He puts Winston's head in a cage full of
rats until Winston confesses to being guilty of
thoughtcrime.

Finally, Winston is released to meet other
reformed thought criminals, including Julia.  We never know if she was a thought
criminal or a spy for Big Brother.  But, Winston treats her as he should, by calling her
"sister" instead of lover, which is the emotional equivalent of admitting that 2 + 2 =
5.

What are Hester's views concerning womanhood?How does Hester identify herself as a woman?

dbello's answer covers most of the ground, but I have another view of her last comment, that her "sin" was her freedom.  Hester was "free" before her sin; she had an open attitude toward life that allowed her to see her failing as a violation of civil law but not a violation of her internal law.  After her sin, she was clearly less free; there were places she could not go, she had, at least temporarily, lost the respect of her fellow citizens, she had to raise Pearl by herself (no easy task), and she was destined to live alone.

She could bear all this because of her integrity and strength, but these were there before her "sin."

Why does Jack hate Ralph in "Lord of the Flies"?Their antagonism becomes more and more open, even though Ralph went through some common danger...

Jack is a bully by nature.  He leads by intimidation.  Our first glimpse of him is as he marches a troop of boys, fellow choir members, down to the beach where Ralph and Piggy are right after the crash.  He's the head of the choir and he had the boys, in their long, black choir robes and caps, marching in the hot sun.  It's clear right away that the boys are intimidated by him.  It's also clear that there are two boys who are the oldest and most capable of being in charge - Ralph and Jack.  When Ralph wins that election to become the chief, Jack is immediately jealous.  We are told that as the other boys applauded Ralph's victory, "...the freckles on Jack's face disappeared under a blush of mortification."  He was a boy accustomed to being in control and he not only lost this vote, he lost it in front of those he had been controlling.  After this the dislike that Jack has for Ralph begins to grow and by the time of the second election, in which Ralph again wins, Jack hates Ralph and is determined to take him down.

How does Mistress Hibbins eventually die in "The Scarlet Letter"?

Mistress Hibbins is considered evil in the Puritans' society. She is bitter and unpleasant.  She openly tells Hester that Hester wears her symbol of sin on her chest while the minister hides his sin.  She is contantly going into the woods at night (the woods being considered the "Devil's Playground" and therefore an evil place to hang out). Because of her strange behavior and the opinion of the public, she is eventually tried and executed as a witch.

What is Atticus's explanation for Bob Ewell's harboring a grudge against everybody connected with the case?Chapter 27 of Harper Lee's To Kill a...

This passage about Bob Ewells' grudge is significant
because, as Atticus points out, Bob Ewell, who is at the bottom of the social stratum of
Maycomb, wishes to rise in the estimation of the white community; instead, he is
probably thought even less of. Living behind the dump, both literarly and figuratively,
Ewell, ironically, with a name that is respected by southerners--Robert E. Lee--seems
absurd by comparison.  So, at the trial of Tom Robinson, Ewell essays to make himself
seem respectable.  After all, even the lowest desire to have someone else beneath them. 
So, when he does not rise in social opinion, Ewell projects his feelings into resentment
toward others in the community.

Knowing that the community
has nothing but disdain for him fosters his evil intentions of getting even, as well.
So, in a sense, this passage foreshadows Ewell's insulting action toward Atticus Finch
and his violent act against Atticus's children, both acts which underscore the low
opinion of the community.

I need help writing an original narrative passage in which Gatsby meets the motifs of color (green light), race, sports, and violence.Please help....

If you really want to be creative, how about adding
something to the narrative that does not already exist, but that employs the motifs that
you mention? For example, we know that Daisy knew Gatsby "back in the day" when he was a
soldier, and for some reason, they did not get together then -- probably because of
class, wealth, the war. So, you could write something different about how and why Gatsby
was parted from Daisy. Perhaps Daisy and Gatsby meet at a racing event (sports), or
perhaps they meet at a golf match where Daisy is playing against Jordan Baker.
Daisy loses the match because Jordan has cheated by not writing down all her strokes.
Gatsby is Jordan's caddy, so he realizes this and tells Daisy about it after the match,
but it is too late. Daisy cannot do anything about the golf match, but she falls for the
handsome caddy, who is working at the posh golf course where Daisy is a member. Perhaps
Gatsby and Daisy plan to elope. Gatsby is driving to her house to pick her up. He waits
forever at a cross street for the light to turn green. The light finally turns green,
and he arrives at her house only to find that her father is waiting for him with a
shotgun. Gatsby flees and is so upset that he joins the army where he is immediately
sent off to the war. He writes to Daisy while in Europe, but her father intercepts the
letters and never gives them to her, except for his last letter where he tells her he
has been severely wounded and is not expected to live. So, Daisy, despondant, goes on to
marry Tom Buchanan, thinking that Gatsby is dead.

To whom does the following line refer: "While the great queen that rose out of the spray..."?

In this poem, the lines that you are citing refer to the
Greek and Roman goddess Venus (that was her Roman name) or Aphrodite.  She is said to
have been born out of the spray of the sea.  Because she did not have a father, she
could pick her own husband.  However, she ended up picking Vulcan (Roman name) to be her
husband.

So, in the poem, the father is asking for all
these blessings for his daughter.  One of them is that he wants her to be beautiful, but
not so beautiful that she makes mistakes like that of Venus.

Why do you think Shakespeare chose to indicate the sad conclusion of the play at the beginning of "Romeo and Juliet"?

Shakespeare wants us to know from the start that there is a lesson to be learned in this story and he wants to be sure that the audience "gets it." The theme (and the lesson) is that Revenge creates a no-win situation. The fueding that is continuing between these two families is a source of grief and sadness for both sides. Now, their fueding has caused both families to lose that which they love most. Romeo and Juliet are the future. Without them, there will be no grandchildren and no one to carry on the families' fortunes. So all the fighting was for naught.

This is Shakespeare's best and most timeless play. That is why the story keeps getting told over and over, both as Shakespeare's story and remade into different time periods such as "West Side Story" and "Mississippi Masala."

Shakespeare, like many writers today, despises war and violence and did his small (actually quite big) part in communicating to the world that war and revenge are just not worth the consequences.

What are the interesting facts in roulette games?

Roulette is a popular game used for gambling in casinos.
The name roulette is derived from a French expression meaning 'little wheel'.   The
roulette essentially consists of a wheel marked with different numbers, the wheel is
made to spin in one direction and a small ball placed within the periphery of the wheel
rotates in the opposite direction. The betting for gambling is on the basis of
predicting the position of the slot in which the ball will fall on slowing
down.

The roulette wheel is generally incorporated as a
part of a roulette table. Betting players are seated around the table. Roulette wheel
may have different number of positions marked on the wheel. American roulette has 38
segments around the circumference of the wheel, numbered from 1 to 36 plus a 0 and 00. 
Many wheels in Europe do not have 00. Alternate segments are coloured red and black. )
and 00 segments are marked green. There are small small slots on the wheel for each
number.

Players place their bets by  placing chips on a
betting layout marked in the roulette table.  Then the person dealing the roulette
wheel. often called the croupier, rotates the wheel and at the same time rotates the
white ball on the rim of the wheel in the opposite directions. The ball drops into one
of the slots as the wheel and the ball slow down.  That number and colour become the
winner for that spin.  Players can bet in many ways.  They can bet on single numbers,
groups of adjoining numbers, sets of 12 numbers, the red or black colours, odd or even
numbers, or the low or high numbers.

Discuss the significance of disguise in "As You Like It"?

Shakespeare tells us in "As You Like It" that:

• "All the world's a stage
• And all the men and women merely players".

The characters in this story are trapped by the roles that society requires of them.  Orlando, as a younger brother, is subservient to his brother.  Rosaline, as a woman, is subservient to men and not in control of her own destiny.  The only way for the characters to escape their "roles", ironically enough, are to take on disguises of other roles.  The become other people in order to escape from their lives.  In doing so, they become liberated.  Rosaline is able to express herself fully as a man in ways she is not allowed to do as a woman.  She is able to teach Orlando how to act to win her own heart, though that would be unacceptable if he knew she was a woman.  Orlando, free from his role as younger brother, is able to express his feelings, wishes and desires without the fear of being rebuffed.

See the essay link below for more information on this topic.

impact of realism

The Tin Flute is a great example of realism. It is
interesting how Roy chose to write in third-person omniscient and this choice really
added to the novel by allowing many different viewpoints.Roy tried at showing the reader
each character’s innermost thoughts, which at times can be both raw and selfish. The
characters can be viewed as selfish and completely absorbed in their own various
happenings. The flaws and frustrations of all of these characters is what bring the
realist element to the table.Roy explores the struggle to escape the paradoxical cycle
of poverty, exploited by war and perpetuated by peace.Roy creates an image of suffering
which is not easy to shake. .Roy appeals to our human compassion through her intimate
portrayal of human suffering. The realism makes the novel move at the pace of a film,
with highly emotional scenes. Unlike a film, her realism simultaneously draws us even
closer to the characters by exposing their thoughts, which are deeply personal, not
always flattering and often in direct opposition to their actions. Tin Flute is an
important piece of work for the genre of realism because it honestly portrays the lives
of people living in Montreal slums in the early 20th c. This is why the novel is
important, because it makes a statement.Roy’s used her ability of eloquent descriptions
to burn this image of poverty into people’s minds. While Rose-Anna is searching for a
new house in the ‘spring move’ she
describes,

 “A crowd  of ragged children were
playing on the sidewalk among the litter. Women, think and sad, stood in their
evil-smelling doorways, astonished by the sunlight. Others, indoors, set their babies on
the windowsill and stared out aimlessly. Everywhere you saw windows plugged with rags or
oiled paper. Everywhere you heard shrill voices,children crying, cries of misery coming
from the depths of this house or that, door and shutters closed, dead, walled up against
if it were a tomb (97).”
 That  paints a picture of a slum very
vividly. Thiese are very realistic images of a war suffering
society.

In the end of "Into the Wild", what does Christopher learn? The whole movie he is carving a message into a piece of wood. What is it?

In 1986, when I was 25 years old, I myself felt the same torments as Chris did, and organized an expedition to cross the Arctic on foot.  It was a little known expedition frought with peril and danger.  We were all unprepared and ill-suited for the trip, but somehow we survived.  We were like five Chris McCandlesses, all troubled by our own lives and by the weight of the world around us.  The 100-day expedition was a life-changing experience that affects me even now.  But my journey is not over.  I am still troubled by the world, and I know now, that walking across the Arctic did not solve these problems, but it did help strip away my identity, allowing me to see the world in an altogether different way.  I wish everyone could do this.   And I am damn proud that Chris McCandless did it in his own way.  I am just so sorry that by a very small twist of fate, it ended tragically for him.  God bless him for his courage.

It's a complex question.  Chris was, in the end at peace with himself (as exemplified by his picture in front of the bus).  It's like he was a visionary, finally kicking himself out of the track of conformity, and trying to re-connect with himself through nature.  In the end, he had learned so much, had changed so much that perhaps he could never have gone back to his old ways.  His end, in effect was perhaps the only solution. 

In Animal Farm, list 5 "crimes" that Napoleon and Squealer say Snowball has committed from chapters 1-7

In the early parts of the book, Snowball is a hero of the
animals' revolution.  He is, in particular, the main hero of the Battle of the Cowshed. 
But then he loses out to Napoleon in a contest to see who will rule the farm.  Napoleon
chases him off the farm and starts to blame everything that goes wrong on him.  Here are
some examples:

• He steals the
  corn


• He knocks over pails of
  milk


• He breaks eggs


• He
  tramples on the seed beds where young plants are


• He is
  chewing the bark off of young trees.

Basically
every setback is blamed on him so that no one will blame Napoleon for
them.

What are some of the factors dealt with in this story that relate to the spirit of the age?"The Story of an Hour" by Kate Chopin

Kate Chopin's "The Story of an Hour," published in 1894,
occupied a time in America in which many social and cultural questions were raised.  One
of these questions, "The Woman Question," involved which roles were acceptable for
women.  The controversy was fueled by the publication of Charles Darwin's The Origin of
Species in 1892 which raised arguments on both sides:  some felt that the theory of
evolution support female assertion; others felt that the theory proved that motherhood
should be the primary role. 

In addition, the struggle for
women's franchisement had begun in 1848; and, when the 15th Amendment was passed in
1869, many feminists such as Susan B. Anthony refused to support it because it denied
women the vote.  In 1890, however, Wyoming became the first state to grant women the
vote.  But, despite all these attempts at reform, mainstream Victorian culture viewed
womens' role as that of mother and mistress of the home under the rule of her husband
and devoted to her children.

Kate Chopin, an independent
spirit herself, having grown up surrounded by smart, single, assertive women.  For
instance, her grandmother was the first woman in St. Louis to be granted a legal
separation from her husband; she raised her five children on her own while running a
successful shipping business.  When Chopin's husband died of an illness, she ran his
plantation on her own for a year, then moved back to her mother's; but, when she died,
Kate was on her own again, supporting herself and her children by
writing.

Thus, the spirit of woman is a motif of Chopin's
writing.  Knowing from her own experience that women are capable of supporting
themselves, Chopin champions these women and scorns the oppression of women in the
Victorian Age.  

Mrs. Mallard is such a woman, repressed to
the point that she has "a heart trouble."  When she first hears the report of her
husband's death, she reacts somewhat hysterically at first; then, in the privacy of her
bedroom, long repressed feelings choke their way into her throat, until she utters her
realization:  "Free!  Body and soul free!"--a realization that suggests the cruelty of
the Victorian concept that the wife is subservient to her husband and has no life
outside the family. 

According to Elizabeth, what is Abigail’s true objective in court?

Elizabeth is well aware of the interactions between
Abigail and her husband, but she could never have predicted what Abigail would do to get
her way.  Once Abigail learns how easy it is to accuse women in the village of
witchcraft, she points her finger towards Elizabeth.  Stabbed by Elizabeth's ghost,
Abigail is seen with a needle stuck into her stomach.  Elizabeth knows that she has not
sent her spirit out and certainly has not bewitched Abigail.  Outraged, Elizabeth
declares that Abigail means to kill her and dance on her grave.  Elizabeth realizes that
Abigail's ultimate plan is to charge and kill under the guise of witchcraft, and then
move in on her newly single husband, John Proctor.

Why is the image of blood significant to Macbeth?Macbeth by William Shakespeare

We have known blood to all of us to represent life, death
and often injury. Blood is an essential part of life and without blood, we could not
live. This is known to everyone, and because of this, when Shakespeare uses the imagery
of blood to represent treason, guilt, murder and death. We have easily understood it and
fits in perfectly with the ideas we have of blood. Therefore, this weighs blood to the
most important imagery of Shakespeare's play 'Macbeth'.  Shakespeare mentions the word
blood, or different forms of it often in the play. Forty-two times to be exact
(ironically, the word fear also is used the same amount), with several other passages
dealing with imagery. Perhaps the best way to describe how the image of blood changes
throughout the play, by following the character changes in Macbeth. First, he is a brave
honored soldier, but as the play progresses, he becomes identified withe death and
bloodshed, along with showing his guilt in different forms.  The first sinister
reference to blood is one of honor, showed in Act I scene ii. This occurs when Duncan
sees the injured sergeant and says "What bloody man is that?". This is symbolic of the
brave fighter who has been injured in a valiant battle for his country. In the next
passage, in which the sergeant says "Which smok'd with bloody execution," he is
referring to Macbeth's braveness in which he covers his sword in the hot blood of the
enemy.   Act II, Scene ii. The symbol of blood now changes to show a form of treachery
and treason. Lady Macbeth starts this off when she asks the spirits to "Make thick my
blood." What she is saying by this, is that she wants to make herself insensitive and
remorseless for the deeds that she is about to commit. Lady Macbeth knows that the
evidence of blood is a treacherous symbol, and knows it will deflect the guilt from her
and Macbeth to the servants when she says "Smear the sleepy grooms withe blood.", and
"If he do bleed, I'll gild the faces of the grooms withal, for it must seem their
guilt."  Act V, Scene i - Lady Macbeth shows the most vivid example of guilt with the
use of the imagery of blood, in the scene that she walks in her sleep. She says "Out
damned spot! Out I say! One: two: why then 'tis time to do't: hell is murky. Fie, my
lord, fie, a soldier, and afeard? What need we fear who knows it when none can call out
power to account? Yet who have thought the old man to have had so much blood in him?"
All these references in the quotation are to murder and both include direct references
to blood, again linking blood to treachery and murder. Yet, this speech represents the
fact that she cannot wipe the blood stains of Duncan off her hand. It is ironic that she
says this, because right after the murder, when Macbeth was feeling guilty, she said, "A
little water clears us of this deed." When the doctor of the castle finds out about this
sleepwalking, he tells Macbeth, "As she is troubled with thick-coming fantasies,"
meaning that Lady Macbeth is having dreams that deal with blood. Macbeth knows deep in
his mind she is having troubles with her guilt, but does not say anything about it. Act
V, Scene viii - just before the ending of the play, Macbeth has Macduff at his mercy,
and lets him go, because of his guilt. . 

What was the difference between black baseball players and Hispanic ball players in the early days?Please tell me which side had the most...

Before Jackie Robinson debuted in 1947 with the Brooklyn
Dodgers, there were very few Hispanic ballplayers and no black players.  The first Latin
American to play in the major leagues was Luis Castro from Colombia who pioneered for
his race in 1902.  Also, Cuban Aldopho Luque, who won 27 games in 1923 and 194 in his
career, left a mark for his race.  But, until Robinson's break through black Hispanics
were not allowed in baseball.

According to a report
released by the Commissioner of Baseball's office, there are 246 players from 15
different foreign countries on the rosters of major league teams this 2010 season.  Of
these, 210 come from Latin America, with 98 from the Dominican Republic, and 51 from
Venzuela. Puerto Rica, Mexico, Panama,Cuba, Colombia, Aruba, Curacao, and Nicaragua also
have representatives.

Since 1947 there have been 16
Hispanics who have won Most Valuable Player awards, 9 Cy Young awards, 16 Rookie of the
Year, and 3 Manager of the Year.  In the Hall of Fame there are such greats as Roberto
Clemente from Puerto Rico (1970), Juan Marichal of the Dominican Republic (1983),Luis
Aparicio from Venzuela (1984), Rod Carew of Panama (1991), Tony Perez of Cuba (2000),
Jose Mendez of Cuba (2006), and Cristobel Torriente of Cuba
(2006). 

How is Fortunato a flat character in "The Cask of Amontillado"?and what are montresor's traits exept for being so vengeful.

Fortunato is a man full of pride an basically stays the same throughout the story. At the beginning of the story, Montresor is able to lure Fortunato into his wine vault, which are old catacombs, by appealing to Fortuanto's pride at being a wine expert. Fortuanto remains proud as he is unknowningly being led to his death by Montresor's comments that he can always ask Luchesi. Fortuanto, proud of his own wine tasting skills, keeps repeating, " Luchesi cannot tell Amonitillado fro Sherry".Fortunato never gets the fact that the reason Montresor wants revenge is that the prideful Fortunato insulted Montresor's family. He says, "Oh, I forgot, the Montresors were once a great and noble family, reinforcing the insult. He then pridefully gives the sign of a secret, exclusive organization called the Masons. When Fortunato doesn't understand, he says, rather sarcastically,..Oh..You are not of the masons. He doesn't understand Montresor's joke when Montresor takes out a trowel, a tool used by common masons, and implies he is a mason.Fortunato even goes into a small space in search of the Amontillado, which allows Montresor to chain him to the wall and then bury him alive. All the while,Fortunato keeps yelling "The Amontillado". He still has no idea that Montresor is angry at him for insulting his family and getting revenge.

What reasons does The Grand Inquisitor offer about changing the teachings of Jesus?

In The Brothers Karamozov, the Grand
Inquisitor asserts a humanistic critique of Jesus' teaching as the devil did in "The
Temptation of Jesus" in Luke 4.

First, here's what Jesus
said:

1.  Man does not live on bread
alone.

2.  Worship the Lord your God and serve him
only.

3.  Do no put the Lord your God to the
test.

For the most part, The Grand Inquisitor says the
Church has had to undue all of Jesus' mistakes since he died.  (Dostoevsky really
demonizes the Catholic church here, equating it with Satan's arguments).  Wheres Jesus'
death condemned man to be free, the Church has had to foster community through security:
charity, brotherhood, and service.

The Grand Inquisitor
takes "bread" to mean a kind of "free will."  He thinks that there are two types of
humans since Jesus has died:

1.  Those with free will:
those who can handle freedom.  He estimates these to be the tens of thousands.  Less
than one- hundredth of one percent.

2.  Those without free
will: those who can't handle freedom.  He estimates these to be the thousands of
millions.  The other 99.99%

Therefore, since most humans
are incapable of handling freedom, the church--or some institution--must provide support
and give direction to their empty, wayward lives.

The Grand
Inquisitor says "man was created a rebel; and how can rebels be happy?"  As such, he
rejects Jesus' teachings on simple love and forgiveness as a guiding
philosophy.

The Grand Inquisitor rejects Christ because he
set the bar too high.  He rejects the idea that one can become like Christ: that one man
alone can change the world.  He says, "What is essential is that all may be together in
it.  This craving for community of worship is the chief misery of every man
individually."

The Grand Inquisitor rejects Christ as the
Savior.  He says the Christ-as-individual only brings suffering: "Nothing is more
seductive for man than his freedom of conscience, but nothing is a greater cause of
suffering."

So, overall, the Grand Inquisitor rejects the
individual, rebellious, and suffering Christ.  Rather, he champions the communal,
acquiescence, and prosperity.

In "A Worn Path," what does Phoenix mean when she says she and her grandson are "the only two left in the world?"

Phoenix is referring to the idea that the rest of her family is dead. She and her grandson are the only two remaining members of her family. This fact gives Phoenix the motivation to take such an arduous journey and to be so persistent in getting him help. If her were to die, she would be left alone, as the last one in her family. She wants to see her family survive and that means the grandson must grow up and have children of his own. The name "Phoenix" also implies this. The Phoenix was a mythical bird which would burn itself up only to rise from the ashes. Phoenix's family is almost gone and the only hope it has of "rising from the ashes" is her grandson.

In "A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court," what is the meaning of Hello-Central?

Hello-Central is the very odd name of the daughter of Sandy and the Boss. We learn the child's name in chapter 40; in chapter 41, we find out why she has this name:

"The name of one who was dear to thee is here preserved, here made holy, and the music of it will abide alway in our ears. Now thou'lt kiss me, as knowing the name I have given the child."

But I didn't know it, all the same. I hadn't an idea in the world; but it would have been cruel to confess it and spoil her pretty game; so I never let on, but said:

"Yes, I know, sweetheart--how dear and good it is of you, too! But I want to hear these lips of yours, which are also mine, utter it first--then its music will be perfect."

Pleased to the marrow, she murmured:

"HELLO-CENTRAL!"

"Hello, central" is an expression that Morgan (the Boss) sometimes uttered while sleeping, and Sandy thought it was the name of a woman he loved. She was almost right. It's not a name, but he was referring to an old girlfriend who happened to be a telephone operator. We know this from chapter 39. When the Boss is about to face Lancelot in the joust, he recalls: "Across my mind flitted the dear image of a certain hello-girl of West Hartford, and I wished she could see me now." 

How can "The Crucible" be represented as an allegory to "The war on terror"?I need quotes for some type of understanding and many literary...

The terror that swept through Salem is not unlike the terror that runs through the minds of modern people.  The people of Salem were afraid of anything that differed from their personal beliefs, which was why they viewed the Native Americans as savages and counted their religious practices as the works of the devil.  Tituba was from Barbados where the people's rituals/lifestyles were very different from those of the Puritans.  When Abagail and the girls came to Tituba for love potions, the rituals involved dancing... a no-no in the Puritan world.  Anything that was non-Puritanic was considered to be the work of the devil.  When the girls were caught dancing, they immediately lied to cover up that fact that they'd asked Tituba to perform these rites so as to avoid harsh punishment.  They said they were under some sort of speel and the hysteria started.  Fingers were pointed and anytime something went wrong, it was because an evil spell had been cast.  To compare to today's world, the violence done to people of opposing religions/nationalities has also made people suspicious of anyone who belongs to a different group.  At the time the play was written, McCarthism was in full swing, and people were seeing cold war enemies around every corner.  Fear leads people to do awful things they might never have done under ordinary circumstances.

What is Atticus's connection to Tom Robinson in "To Kill a Mockingbird"?

Atticus is not connected to Tom outside of the fact that he is appointed by the court to represent Tom in court.  Calpurnia, Atticus' maid and surrogate mother for Jem and Scout, attends the same church the Robinsons attend.  Atticus will know more about Tom Robinson and his integrity through Calpurnia.

Atticus loves all people and wants to see the guilty punished and the innocent go free.  He truly believes Tom is innocent and pushes to prove this fact in court.  He does prove it--everyone is aware that the Ewells are lying--but because Tom is black and his accusers are white, he is convicted.

What are the major conflicts in "The Chrysanthemums"?

The most important conflict in the story is the limitation of Elisa's life as a woman isolated on a small farm in the Salinas Valley in the years after the Depression. Confined by gender roles to work within the boundaries of the farm while the men enjoy more freedom and mobility, Elisa's longings are awakened when the tinker comes by and describes his journeyman lifestyle. She responds wistfully, "That sounds like a nice way to live".

A second major conflict is Elisa's deep aesthetic approach to life which cannot be shared. Her husband Henry, a good man who loves his wife, unfortunately sees everything from a functional point of view. Elisa's attempts to dress up and make herself pretty are lost on him, as are her efforts to get him to appreciate the astounding beauty of her beloved chrysanthemums, the expression of her aesthetic sense.  Elisa's hunger to share this essential part of her nature is such that, when the tinker appears to understand her passion for her flowers, she responds with an excitement that approaches the sublime. Sadly, when she discovers that he has discarded the chrysanthemum she gave him carelessly on the road, she realizes that his interest was contrived, and is left more alone and frustrated than before.

In "By the Waters of Babylon," why could only priests or priests-to-be touch metal and not die or get sick?

The author never fully answers this questions but by implication, the priests must have learned some way to make the metal less dangerous. It is obvious how the metal became dangerous during "the Great Burning".

Somehow the metal was poisoned or became radioactive. It's important to note that this story was published in 1937, before the first atom bomb was built. This suggests some other kind of poisoning , perhaps chemical, that the priests knew the antidote for and were able to "cleanse" the metal before others used it. Benet does say the Hill People, of whom John is a member, did "not forget the old writings", implying one or several of them were able to decipher how to make the metal safe.

What is the specific significance of the final sentence of the story "Paul's Case"?

"Then, because the picture making mechanism was crushed, and disturbing visions flashed into black, Paul dropped back into the immense design of things."

I think the disturbing visions were the scenes of the Adriatic water and the yellow of the Algerian sands, both the images he realizes he will never see now that he has jumped in front of the train. These images are disturbing because they will haunt him even in death because he will never see them.

When the disturbing visions flash to black, this is a reference to his life on Cordelia street, where there are no cut flowers and no colour. Now, he is dropped back into the colourless and immense design of things which he had tried to escape by killing himself.

Or, : ) he could be dropped back into the immense design of things by realizing he will never get to see the Adriatic water or the Algerian sands and therefor he is exactly like the people who he despises. He sees his peers, teachers and father as people who just live life by doing what they are supposed to and now he has ended his life before doing anything of significance and is just the same as the others.

Does Holden have any guilt feelings about Allie, and do you feel this is normal?

Holden feels anger, self-denial, and yes, guilt, over Allie's death. He loved Allie and blames himself for his brother's death, as people generally do. That's why he punched out all the windows in the garage. That's why he slipped into such a heavy depression with mental anxiety. Is this abnormal? Hard to say. We have to keep in mind that JD Salinger is a WWII veteran who most likely had PTSD. That same mental anxiety and depression he had, he also wrote in for Holden (whether intentional or not). Holden's reaction to Allie's death is very plausible and therefore perhaps even normal. 

What are some images that fit the poem, 'In time Of Silver Rain' ?

I assume that you mean the poem "In Time of Silver Rain"
by Langston Hughes.  This is a simple poem that describes the beauty and joy of
springtime.

Some of the images in this poem
are:

a)

readability="6">

 Green grasses grow
And flowers lift
their
heads,

b)

readability="5">

The butterflies
Lift silken
wings

c)

readability="5">

And trees put forth
New
leaves

d)

readability="5">

down the roadway
Passing boys and
girls
Go singing

A
couple of interesting notes about this poem:

The word
"life" is repeated 5 times.

If you look at how the poem is
printed on a page (or computer screen) each stanza looks a little bit like a tree (see
link below).

What is the theme of "Everyman"?

The basic theme of this morality play is the lesson of how to correctly and morally live your life here on earth.  Everyman absolutely has faults.  This is the whole purpose of the play...God is dissatisfied with Everyman's behavior and He sends Death to tell Everyman that his days are numbered. 

Everyman attempts to bargain for more time, and then sets out to seek a partner for the journey.  The moral, then, is that everyone and all things (material goods, beauty, wealth, friends, relatives, etc.) will forsake you except for knowledge and good deeds.  However, only knowledge can accompany you into the grave to speak on your behalf. 

"Everyman" was produced at a time when most people were unable to read for themselves and they depended on the plays, sculptures, and stained glass windows in churches to teach them about the stories in the Bible and the correct way to act in their daily lives.

In the opening paragragh of "The Masque of the Red Death", what technique does Poe use to establish a tone of suspense?

Poe's word choice is his first paragraph paints a gruesome
picture of a horrible, painful, deadly experience known as the "Red Death."  Words like
devastated, fatal, horror, hideous and victim
are not happy words--they are words we associate with terror and death.  He then goes on
to describe the symptoms and manifestations of the illness in particular
detail--mentioning blood, sharp pains, dizziness, bleeding, and the scarlet stains.  If
this is not enough to terrorize the reader, Poe then says that if a person is afflicted
with the disease, other people will shun him or her and not be willing to
help.

As readers, we are asking ourselves why Poe is
describing such horrible suffering and pain in such detail--it must be essential to the
rest of the story for some gruesome reason.

Then, without
so much of a transition or explanation, Poe starts his next paragraph with Prince
Prospero (prosperous, which those who are afflicted with the illness are not) being
happy and wise.  Again, we as the reader are left wondering--why did he tell us about
the illness?  How is that going to come into play in this
story?

The juxtaposition of the horrible suffering of the
misfortune and the happy-go-lucky prosperous prince is jarring, to say the
least.

Why does Brutus kill himself in the end of Julius Caesar?

Brutus was the inly nobleman in the play, who really cared about the roman republic.This is clearly shown in his contribution and his real aim in joining thew conspiracy, as he was the only one between the 22 conspirators whose main objective is to rescue rome from being ruled by another tryant, on the contray, the others main and only objective was to remove caesar away from the throne, because they were jealous and envy from julius grapping all the power in his own.

Not only this event, but this had happened throghout the entire play.this shows us that brutus was a nobleman, with pride and diginity who will fight for them even if it the cost for it was his life.Apparntly, this clearly happened when he fled away from rome to asia, and left his country which he was born in it, grew in it and left his lovely loyal wife, portia.He left the honour and the respect of the romans and fled to scarifice his life to rome, without expecting a reward.

So when he felt that he is going to lose his honour and diginity, he killed himself, because he knew that if he was captured, he will be dragged on his knees through the streets of rome without pity or mercy.so in his own point of view, dying and abondoning the world, is better than been dragged like a captured slave. 

In part 3 of "Fahrenheit 451", what does the campfire in the forest represent?

In this novel, fire, for the most part, represents destruction.  In the society of the story, the firemen don't put out fires, they start fires in order to destroy books.  We see a woman who loved her books so much, she let fire destroy herself rather than live without her books.  Montag's house is destroyed by fire and Capt. Beatty himself is destroyed by fire.  When Montag emerges from the river and walks toward the woods, he sees the fire in the distance like a "winking eye", i.e., he sees it then it disappears and then he sees it again.  Montag notes that this fire was different from the fires of his former society, this fire was was warming.  This time, the fire didn't destroy; it created.  It created warmth for people to gather around.  Fire now means something good rather than something bad.  This represents the new society that Montag and the other book people will try to create.  They want a society that is the opposite of the former society.

What was the conflict between Miss Maudie and Mrs. Merriweather?

I would add to the first answer that another reason for
the conflict is Mrs. Merriweather's reference to Atticus helping Tom Robinson; it is
clear that she does not approve of it.  After she complains to the other women that
"some people" think they're doing the right thing by defending Tom, Miss Maudie snaps,
and I paraphrase here: "His food doesn't stick going down, does
it?"

This is Maudie's way of showing her disapproval of
Mrs. Merriweather's absurd, racist remarks, and especially her attempt to criticize
Atticus (while eating his food!)

What is the importance of middleman in business?

Middlemen in business refer to independent businesses that form the distribution channels through which a product passes on its way from a manufacturer to end user. Middlemen are of different types like wholesalers and retailers. Middlemen play a very important role in business which benefits end users as well as manufacturers.

Generally goods are manufactured in large quantities at a few centralized locations, to reap the advantages of economy of scale. However the end users are widely dispersed over large geographical areas. The goods manufactured must be transported from the manufacturing locations, and delivered to each retail customers, when and where they want. Using the services of middlemen the manufacturers distribute their product economically and quickly.

Distribution channel provides many benefits to customers also by making goods available to then at locations near them. Also they are able to buy products of many different manufacturers at one place.

The retailers may also provide advice and add on service to customers to help them choose the right product. A salesman in a shoe shop may advice its customer on the right type of shoes for different purposes like jogging, mountain climbing, and very cold climates. They also help the customers to try out the fit of the shoes.

The Middlemen supplements the resources of the manufacturers in many ways. They invest substantial amount of money in stocks, credit extended to customers, warehouse, offices, shops and other facilities used for distribution of products.

Perhaps the most important of these resources is the widely dispersed geographical presence. As compared to manufacturers, the distribution intermediaries are much more widely distributed. Even the biggest auto companies in the world have don’t have more than dozen or so final assembly plants, but dealers selling their automobile numbering thousands have their presence in many different countries.

How and when are Tom and Becky discovered missing in The Adventures of Tom Sawyer?

Tom and Becky are not discovered missing until church the next morning.  Although they did not come home after the outing the day before, their respective guardians both assume the children had spent the night at Mrs. Harper's.  Noticing that Becky is not at church, Mrs. Thatcher asks Mrs. Harper, "'Is my Becky going to sleep all day?  I just expected she would be tired to death'".  Mrs. Harper responds with surprise, not having seen Becky, and then Aunt Polly approaches her with a similar question about Tom.  The Harpers, Mrs. Thatcher, and Aunt Polly are by this time understandably worried, and ask the children and teachers at the Sabbath-school if anyone knows where Tom and Becky might be.  No one had noticed if Tom and Becky were on the ferryboat on the homeward trip the night before, and one man suggests the frightening possibility that they might still be in the cave (Chapter XXX).

How does Jane Austen deal with gender and character in Pride & Prejudice?

In Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen uses gender and character to both express the social norms of her time and to emphasize that there are more variations on character than society chooses to recognize. The Bennett sisters define the whole of female society. There is Jane, the incomparable beauty, who should be able to secuure a worthy suitor without ever opening her mouth.  Then there is Elizabeth, very intelligent, independent and quick witted.  She, it is thought would not secure a eligible suitor, her beauty being average, once she opened her mouth, men would run away from her fierce opinions and strong mindedness.  Lydia, a silly girl given to spontaneous decisions fell into trouble, she should have been watched more closely by Mrs. Bennett, who is a caricature rather than a real mother.  Mary, the studios one, will never marry and Kitty, too young, but expected to be able to secure a husband of some means.  Mr. Darcy is the rich, indignant, handsome, austere gentleman who one would never expect to find Elizabeth Bennett attractive.  You expect him to choose a wife based on social standing and breeding alone.  Bingley, although not as rich as Darcy, but still well off, is looking for love.  Mr. Wickham is a cad and a rouge, who is looking for a wife who has a rich purse.  Mr. Collins, the minister, needs a wife, any wife. Jane Austen paints her characters in broad strokes.