What are the possible dangers of travelling without having legal documents of the individuals involved? Please elaborate on this topic from...

Let's take immigrant workers to the United States as an
example, as opposed to say, the casual tourist who is going abroad without
documents.

Large numbers of immigrants cross the border
without documents each year because of the employment opportunities available here, and
the poverty south of that border.  The dangers involved in this are significant and
physical as well as legal.

About ten percent of my students
are undocumented, and the stories I have heard over the years about their border
crossing experiences are scary indeed.  Paying off coyotes (smugglers) who sometimes
steal their possessions and leave them in the desert, crossing wide open tracts of
desert on foot without adequate food or water, and often with small children, being
robbed or assaulted on the way to the border, being kidnapped and sold into slavery or
sexually exploited.  These are all very real dangers and realities for undocumented
workers trying to cross the southern border into the US, not to mention the chances of
being caught and deported to go through the process all over
again.

What are the possible dangers of travelling without having legal documents of the individuals involved? Please elaborate on this topic from...

Let's take immigrant workers to the United States as an example, as opposed to say, the casual tourist who is going abroad without documents.

Large numbers of immigrants cross the border without documents each year because of the employment opportunities available here, and the poverty south of that border.  The dangers involved in this are significant and physical as well as legal.

About ten percent of my students are undocumented, and the stories I have heard over the years about their border crossing experiences are scary indeed.  Paying off coyotes (smugglers) who sometimes steal their possessions and leave them in the desert, crossing wide open tracts of desert on foot without adequate food or water, and often with small children, being robbed or assaulted on the way to the border, being kidnapped and sold into slavery or sexually exploited.  These are all very real dangers and realities for undocumented workers trying to cross the southern border into the US, not to mention the chances of being caught and deported to go through the process all over again.

Could anyone list ALL aspects of crime and punishment found in the play "Othello"?Give evidence to your answer by using a quote for example or by...

I'm sure that others will add more of these, but an obvious one is at the end of the play.  Once Othello has killed Desdemona and Iago has killed Emilia, Othello kills himself after realizing that he cannot live after killing an innocent Desdemona.  Iago is too much of a coward and self-centered to kill himself after all of his dastardly deeds, so he is arrested and taken into custody once his schemes are revealed. 

Also, Othello has meted out his own punishment for killing his innocent wife.  He kills himself as his own punishment because he cannot live with himself for doing so and he cannot live with himself for shaming the country he has served in this manner.

How does Rainsford's attitude toward hunting compare with that of General Zaroff?

At the beginning of the story, Rainsford is an avid hunter, feeling man is superior to animals, that his prey has no feelings, and that hunting in general is just a game. He thinks that the world is divided between the hunter and the hunted. This opinion changes when he learns Zaroff intends to use him as prey, however. Once Rainsford accepts that he must participate in Zaroff's "game", Rainsford becomes much like Zaroff. He becomes a killer when he kills Zaroff's dog and then Ivan. By the end of the story, Rainsford kills Zaroff, and we don't know if he has become like Zaroff.

Zaroff has a similar opinion regarding his prey. Big-game hunting has become boring for Zaroff because the animals can't use logic, so they offer no challenge.  As a result, Zaroff imprisons sailors that he calls the "scum of the earth" and has them become as physically fit as possible. Zaroff wants his prey to offer him as big a challenge as they possibly can. Zaroff sees the world divided between the strong and the weak. His prey, the captured sailors from ships he's trapped on his island, have no rights because they are the weak. They have no rights and no feelings. Zaroff is really excited when he realizes he has a real challenge in Rainsford, who has quite a reputation for hunting. In the end, Rainsford proves to be more cunning than Zaroff, and Zaroff pays the ultimate price--his death.

What are the main conflicts in "Shooting an Elephant"?

The main conflicts in "Shooting An Elephant" revolve around a colonial policeman in British governed Burma.  He has a great deal of difficulty with the people he must protect.  He believes that they harbor a resentment and a distinct prejudice towards him.

This resentment is built around the fact that the British treat their colonized subjects as inferior, a fact that disturbs the policeman greatly.

One of the conflicts arises from prejudice and tolerance

"The colonial policeman has a duty towards the job, towards the empire, and this in turn requires treating the locals as inferiors."

Which leads to understanding the conflict of culture clash between the British rulers and the native people.

"The first is the ethical difference setting the narrator, as a representative of the West, apart from the native Burmese, who belong to the local village-culture and live in a pre-industrial world from which the West itself has long since emerged."

The narrator has a conflict of conscience.

"The narrator's moral conscience appears in the moment when the corpse of the Burmese crushed by the elephant comes to his attention; the narrator says that the man lay sprawled in a crucified posture,"

The last conflict comes from the action of order and disorder.  The elephant escaping is a sign of disorder, the policeman is a representative of order. 

"which is why Orwell’s narrator cannot avoid the unpleasant duty of shooting the elephant."

In "To Kill a Mockingbird", why is Jem so nervous when a group of men come to the Finch residence? It is in chapter 15

Jem shows tremendous insight here and demonstrates his continual maturity. He understands that the group represents danger when his sister and father fail to appreciate this--Scout because she maintains a childish innocence and Atticus because he, perhaps too innocently, believes that the people of his town will ultimately behave appropriately. Just as Atticus brushes aside Bob Ewell's threats later in the novel, he seems to underestimate this threat at his very door.

This is an excellent example of the difference in perception and understanding between Scout and Jem as they grow. Jem, who has begun asserting himself as Scout's elder, is in a position of understanding the adult world and what will take place later in front of the jail. Scout, thankfully as it turns out, lacks this understanding of the ugly side of Maycomb.

In "Death of a Salesman," what evidence demonstrates that Willy misses the distinction between being loved and being well liked?

In "Death of a Salesman",Willy worries about how the outside world sees him.He wants to do well by his family,but his real obsession is that outsiders will like him.For example,Willy lies to make himself seem better to others.He pretends he is a much more successful business man than he really is.He tells Biff how important impressions will be when Biff gets older and has to go into the real world.Willy does not worry that Biff is not doing all of his schoolwork because he feels Biff will always be better off because he is good looking, talented and can tell people what they like to hear,very different from Bernard who is awkward, shy but very intelligent.Willy makes his opinions clear in the flashbacks that he feels his son is better than Bernard because of these facts.

If Willy was more concerned with being loved,he would worry more about his wife.Willy would make sure she had new stockings instead of his mistress.Linda, who has always been there for him even though times were tough,is put to the back because he is more concerned about what his mistress will think of him.Willy clearly lets the desire to be well liked rule every other aspect with his life, clearly making his family suffer because of it.

What is the setting of "The Swiss family Robinson"? I mean where and when the story happened.

The story begins with the family who has survived a terrible storm, and being hunted by pirates, to discover that their ship is destroyed, unable to sail any further. 

 Therefore, they must make a new life on the island that lies in the distance.  They have with them all that they need for a new life since they were on their way to New Guinea.

The island that they land on is described as lush and tropical.

Do the fairies disapprove of the marriages in the play, A Midsummer Night's Dream?I have read over and over, and I am uncertain of this question;...

Perhaps it's not a matter of approval or disapproval, but that they see it as a rather trivial thing. Though the fairies do understand and are the victims of love themselves, they don't seem to take relationships and fidelity all that seriously. The first time we see the fairies discuss relationships is in Act II, scene i, while one of Titania's fairies and Puck discuss the fight between Oberon and his queen. It seems as if both characters are used to their masters' quarreling and seem to know it will pass. Oberon's plan to teach Titania a lesson is to embarass her and trick her into falling in love with another. He ia not bothered by the fact that his plan involves his queen loving another man. (The ease with which Titania falls in love with another may also be a comment by Shakespeare on the nature of love.) Oberon seems to approve of the humans' relationships and, beginning in Act II, sc. ii, takes pity on Helena vowing that Demetrius will soon love her as well. Puck's inability to distinguish between the different characters seems to show that he does not take his job too seriously and does not seem overly upset by the fact that he has put the spell on the wrong man in Act III, sc. i. In the end, the fairies may simply see love and relationships as a fun and enjoyable thing that the humans often ruin by taking too seriously.

Why does Shakespeare begin Romeo and Juliet with a brawl?

By starting the play with a brawl, Shakespeare not only establishes the feud between the houses of Montague and Capulet, but sets the stage for the entire restof the play, as far as fate goes.

  Remember that fate is the central idea of Romeo and Juliet.  The Prince states:

   "If you ever disturb our streets again,

   Your lives shallpay the forfeit of the peace."

Later on in the play, Mercutio and Tybalt get into a brawl which results in Tyblt killing Mercutio, one of Romeo's best friends.  Romeo avenges his friend's life by killing Tybalt.  Technically Tybalt should have been killed for his crime, as the Prince had declared, but Romeo took care of that.  Still, murder is murder, and Romeo must be punished.  Therefore he is banished which, if you recall correctly, ultimately leads to his and Juliet's untimely demise when Friar John is unableto deliver the message about Juliet's taking the sleeping potion to Romeo. Romeo therefore believes Juliet to be dead and kills himself, and upon waking up Juliet sees her lover's deadbody and stabs herself in the chest.

   In short, if the brawl between Samson, Gregory and the Montague's servants, Tybalt would not have had to be killed, Romeo would not have been banishedand he and Juliet would not have taken their own lives. Remember that Shakespeare describes them as 'a pair of star-cross'd lovers.'

   Fate is the biggest theme of Romeo and Juliet, and the openeing brawl defined the lovers' fates more than perhaps any other act in the play.

Why does Simon go to his bower in "Lord of the Flies"?

Simon is looking for truth throughout the novel. However, with all the bickering and power plays between Ralph, Jack and Piggy, he really cannot concentrate. He wants to know the truth about the beast and he needs a quiet place in which to concentrate. In his bower he can see the world in a poetic, almost surreal fashion. Unclouded by civilization and the bickering that surrounds it, he can enter a place on the island where, physically and mentally, none of the others can go. This characterizes Simon as insightful, introspective, and understanding. His vision of the island, and the events that occur, is different. Therefore, he can see the beast for what it is, part of human nature.

In the novel "The Lovely Bones," how many years does Abigail leave her family for?

Abigail leaves her family for seven years to take care of herself.  She walks out in 1975.  She is profoundly unhappy and  has deep grief and guilt over Susie's death. 

"Her need to find herself, reclaim her place in the world as an individual, and escape her intense grief propel her to relocate to California. There she seems to find some solace, working in a vineyard and leaving motherhood and wifehood behind."

Why is this book called The Namesake?

Webster's defines "namesake" as "one who is named after another or for whom another is named." For instance, anyone with Jr. in his name is a namesake of his father.

Ashoke and Ashima Ganguli, who emigrate to America from India, name their son Gogol in honor of the Russian writer Nikolai Gogol. When he was younger, Ashoke survived a train wreck, and the only thing he was able to salvage from his belongings was a tattered copy of Gogol's novel The Overcoat. Ashoke wasn't necessarily a huge fan of Gogol. They couldn't take the baby home from the hospital without a name, and Gogol was the first one that popped into Ashoke's head.

Therefore, the namesake of the title is Gogol Ganguli. The novel centers around his search for self as a first-generation American with a strange Russian name. 

What is the Plot Summary of Autumn in the Oak Woods?It is the story from Yuri Kazakov

The story begins with the young man waiting in his small
mountain home and then heading down to the dock to wait for a woman who is supposed to
arrive by boat.  He is nervous that she won't show, but she
does.

They walk back to his house, and he shows her as many
of the good things about his situation as he can in the dark.  It is very clear that he
is trying his hardest to impress her, to help her feel that he has made the right
decision by living in this place.

The story ends the next
morning as they watch a tug go by on the river.  It has become clear that they both feel
there is something worth being out in the country for, something that they both might be
looking for after a (likely) previous life in a big city.

What is the Plot Summary of Autumn in the Oak Woods?It is the story from Yuri Kazakov

The story begins with the young man waiting in his small mountain home and then heading down to the dock to wait for a woman who is supposed to arrive by boat.  He is nervous that she won't show, but she does.

They walk back to his house, and he shows her as many of the good things about his situation as he can in the dark.  It is very clear that he is trying his hardest to impress her, to help her feel that he has made the right decision by living in this place.

The story ends the next morning as they watch a tug go by on the river.  It has become clear that they both feel there is something worth being out in the country for, something that they both might be looking for after a (likely) previous life in a big city.

In "Flowers for Algernon," who is Algernon and why is he important?

Algernon is the laboratory mouse whom Dr. Strauss and Dr. Nemur use to test their experiments of enhanced intelligence. When Algernon begins showing remarkable signs of improvement by running the mazes they construct in record time, the physicians believe that their hypothesis has been proven: that is, it is possible to improve intelligence through scientific, medical intervention.

Strauss and Nemur soothe any ethical qualms they may have about their experimentation by selecting a human being of marginal intelligence: Charley. Because Charley has an extremely low I.Q., the doctors theorize that anything that they do can only help, not hurt, their subject.

Initially pleased by both Charley and Algernon's monumental success, the doctors hopes begin to falter when Algernon suddenly and precipitously begins a steady decline in his faculties. The doctors correctly surmise that Charley, too, will begin to lose his short-term gains in intellectual ability. Algernon, then, is a harbinger of what is to come for Charley.

What does Tom's agreement with the devil tell you about Tom?

Tom Walker makes a pact with the devil to become rich.  It's clear that Tom Walker is greedy, selfish, and that he lives for the present with little thought about the future.  He is only slightly hesitant to make the pact and only slightly bothered by the fact that he was speaking with the devil.  When his wife disappears his concern was for the valuable items she took with her and not for her well-being.  When he finds the items she took with her and what appears to be her heart and liver, he is happy that he recovered the items.  Obviously, he has more concern for his possessions than he does for his wife.  When he makes his money and the devil finally comes and it's time for Tom to fulfill his end of the bargain, Tom "...shrank back...", indicating that he didn't want to fulfill his part.  He had no choice in the matter though.  Tom Walker only wanted money, what his money could give him, and he didn't think about the consequences of his actions beyond the present time.

What are the main themes of Schindler's List and what are examples in the story that support the theme?

The primary themes of Kenneally's novel are the triumph of good over evil and the change that one person can accomplish against seemingly insurmountable odds.

One of the most famous lines of the novel encapsulates both themes. Istak Stern, Oskar Schindler's partner, philosophically says, "Whoever saves one life, saves the world entire." Another related adage, though not present implicitly in the novel, is nevertheless implied: "All it takes for evil to triumph is for good men to do nothing." It is much easier, and safer, to think "someone else will do it." For the 1200 people Schindler saved, the actions of one man were priceless.

Although he begins by profiting from the war, Oskar Schindler is haunted by his own unwavering moral compass and the prospect of each person's potential. Although Schindler continually castigates himself for not doing more, (looking at his own dress, he cries out),

"This pin. Two people. This is gold. Two more people. He would have given me two for it, at least one. One more person. A person, Stern. For this.... I could have gotten one more person... and I didn't! And I... I didn't!"

Kenneally is not in any way blaming Schindler for not doing more; instead, he has great empathy for a human being and his flaws. Schindler's actions were remarkable for his selflessness and his compassion, even if he was not perfect.

As earthworms crawl through tightly packed soil, they break it apart, making it more porous. Why would this be good for plants?

Earth worm is called the friend of the farmer and plants.
Because their part is great in the ecofriendly space. The earthworm converts the organic
matters like dead plant parts, leaves etc into humus. The humus is extremely plant
nutrient.The earth worm plows and burrows the earth creating its tunnels. This helps air
circulation and conserve the water content of the soil. The action helps plant spread
the roots farther and deeper in the soil besides having easy acces to their nutrient
resource in the soil.The earth worms are even capable of ingesting rough soil particles
and even small stones (1.25 mm wide) and it is digested and cast out as excreta of
smooth paste. Their excreta is also rich with mineral , nitrogen , phosphate and potash
contents that are a required by plants.

As earthworms crawl through tightly packed soil, they break it apart, making it more porous. Why would this be good for plants?

Earth worm is called the friend of the farmer and plants. Because their part is great in the ecofriendly space. The earthworm converts the organic matters like dead plant parts, leaves etc into humus. The humus is extremely plant nutrient.The earth worm plows and burrows the earth creating its tunnels. This helps air circulation and conserve the water content of the soil. The action helps plant spread the roots farther and deeper in the soil besides having easy acces to their nutrient resource in the soil.The earth worms are even capable of ingesting rough soil particles and even small stones (1.25 mm wide) and it is digested and cast out as excreta of smooth paste. Their excreta is also rich with mineral , nitrogen , phosphate and potash contents that are a required by plants.

Find the limit (x^2+x-6)/(x+3) when x approach -3.

For evaluating the limit, we'll choose the dividing out
technique.

We'll apply the direct substitution, by
substituting the unknown x, by the value -3 and we'll see that it fails, because both,
numerator and denominator, are cancelling for x=-3. That means x=-3 is a root for both,
that means that (x+3) is a common factor for both.

We'll
write the numerator using the
formula:

x^2+x-6=(x-x1)(x-x2), where x1, x2 are the roots
and
x1=-3

x^2+x-6=(x+3)(x-x2)

We
also know that x1+x2 = -1, -3+x2=-1

and x1*x2=-6,
(-3)*x2=-6

x2=2

Now, we'll
evaluate the limit:

lim (x^2+x-6)/(x+3) = lim
(x+3)(x-2)/(x+3)

Now, we can divide out like
factor:

lim (x^2+x-6)/(x+3) = lim
(x-2)

We can apply the replacement theorem and we'll
get:

lim (x-2) = -3-2 =
-5

So, lim (x^2+x-6)/(x+3) =
-5.

Find the limit (x^2+x-6)/(x+3) when x approach -3.

For evaluating the limit, we'll choose the dividing out technique.

We'll apply the direct substitution, by substituting the unknown x, by the value -3 and we'll see that it fails, because both, numerator and denominator, are cancelling for x=-3. That means x=-3 is a root for both, that means that (x+3) is a common factor for both.

We'll write the numerator using the formula:

x^2+x-6=(x-x1)(x-x2), where x1, x2 are the roots and x1=-3

x^2+x-6=(x+3)(x-x2)

We also know that x1+x2 = -1, -3+x2=-1

and x1*x2=-6, (-3)*x2=-6

x2=2

Now, we'll evaluate the limit:

lim (x^2+x-6)/(x+3) = lim (x+3)(x-2)/(x+3)

Now, we can divide out like factor:

lim (x^2+x-6)/(x+3) = lim (x-2)

We can apply the replacement theorem and we'll get:

lim (x-2) = -3-2 = -5

So, lim (x^2+x-6)/(x+3) = -5.

What are some examples of Romeo and Juliet meeting by fate, separating by fate, and dying by fate?what examples of fate lead to Romeo and Juliet...

Lord Capulet gives one of his servants a list of people to invite to the Capulet gala that evening, but the servant does not know how to read.  The servant happens to come across Romeo in the street and he asks Romeo to read the names on the list for him.  As Romeo is reading, he sees the name of the woman who recently spurned him (Rosaline) and he decides to crash the party just so that he can stand and look at her across the room.  Fate has already stepped in by getting Romeo to attend the party to begin with, but he has a bad dream just before the party begins, and he has mixed feelings about going after all.  Mercutio says that his dream is a bunch of nonsense and that going to the party will be the best cure for his sickness (love-sickness).  Ironically, this is true because it is at the party that Romeo sees Juliet and falls for her.

Romeo's fateful dream about how going to the party will be the end of him is further fulfilled when Romeo kills Tybalt (Juliet's cousin) in a street fight.  Romeo is banished, and fate has separated the two lovers.

The Friar comes up with a plan to reunite them, but "the best laid schemes of mice and men often go astray".  Fate steps in and the plan backfires when the message about Juliet's pretended death doesn't reach him, and Romeo believes that she is truly dead.  He then kills himself in her tomb moments before she awakens to find a dead husband by her side.  She then takes her own life.

What is the difference between liberalism, conservatism, and radicalism?political science.

Liberalism is about de jure: legal rights, liberties, division of government into powers. It ranges from the watch-dog state to the welfare state. Conservatism is about maintaining the economic, social, and political status quo. Sometimes they border on fascism. Radicalism? I don't know, that could be anything that isn't liberal or conservative. I take it most poli. sci. people would think it includes all sorts of things like Marxism, feminism, green politics.

Despite the supposed differences, I think most ideologies are the same with the socialists and anarchists being the most distinctive.

Who are the main characters in "The Most Dangerous Game" and what are their traits?

The main two characters in "The Most Dangerous Game" are Zaroff and Rainsford.  Zaroff is egotistical, driven, cruel, and delusional (he considers himself fair when he allows Rainsford to attempt to escape after being located once); however, he is also powerful, intelligent, and wealthy.  Rainsford is clever, intelligent, strong, and well-intentioned; he is also determined and basically good.

What does Cassius confide to Messala before the battle?

In Shakespeare's Julius Caesar, before the battle Cassius reveals to Messala that it is his birthday.  Cassius says:

...Messala,

This is my birthday:  as this very day

Was Cassius born.  Give me thy hand, Messala:

Be thou my witness that against my will

(As Pompey was) am I compelled to set

Upon one battle all our liberties.  (Act 5.1.70-75)

Cassius is regretting that he has to set defeat or victory upon one, single battle.  He compares himself to Pompey, who had to do the same against Caesar, and lost.  He asks Messala to be his witness that he is doing this against his will.

Eventually, of course, Cassius's birthday will also become the day of his death.  His fear becomes reality as the one, single battle is lost, as are all their "liberties," including Cassius's life.

Why is Jem considered a "traitor" in To Kill a Mockingbird?

Dill runs away from home one summer, and Jem and Scout find him hiding under the bed. Jem insists that they tell Atticus, but Scout feels Jem has broken a law of childhood by betraying Dill. This shows how Jem is maturing because he understands how worried Jem's parents and Aunt Rachel will be. Scout and Dill see Jem as ratting Dill out to the adults, taking their side over Dill.

What is the relationship between Mrs. Peters and Mrs. Hale in "Trifles"?

Like all the characters in this play - all the residents in this fictional town - there is a reserve that exists between these two woman.  They are focused on their own home life and so do not form a bond between them.  In addition, Mrs. Peters is an outsider and did not grow up with Minnie or Mrs. Hale - therefore, she is further removed from the situation and from her fellow wife.

This separation between these two women is echoed in Minnie's situation and the cause for the conflict of the story, the murder of her husband.  Minnie has been separated from others, at the mercy of her husband alone.  She is isolated, lonely, and unprotected.  She lives "down in the hollow" and is far removed from other homes.  This sets up the bad situation in her marriage, which leads to her retaliation.

The relationship between the two characters changes throughout the play, however.  One of the themes of this story is that of gender roles, and the way Mrs. Peters and Mrs. Hale grow closer as they try to understand and protect Minnie shows these gender roles.  As women, they understand the difficulty Minnie was facing and the intensity of her subjugation.  This is why the decide, together, to conceal the evidence of Minnie's guilt, forming a bond in their mutual decision - female against male.

In "The Outcasts Of Poker Flat" what is the resoultion of the central conflict? The outcasts from Poker Flat die, but what do they win?

I think the central conflict is resolved when the rescuers from Poker Flat arrive and find Piney Woods and the Duchess in a death embrace. The text says that the people who found the two couldn't tell by looking which was the innocent and which was the sinner. (I am paraphrasing). 

The point is, the people of Poker Flat had judged the two prostitutes, the gambler and the drunk as "undesirable" for their community. Nonetheless, most of the four outcasts were decent and even selfless, good people when given the opportunity. When they are faced with caring for themselves or caring for Piney or Tom, all except Uncle Billy take the higher path and give their all--even their lives--to protect the young couple.

So, even though they have died and seem to have lost, when the townsfolk from Poker Flat realize that they have judged the outcasts too quickly--that they are indeed good people, and that they are no better or worse (indistinguishable, in fact) from the innocents--then they win redemption. But the folks from Poker Flat changed as well. The implication is that they have learned not to judge too quickly or too harshly, and that the sacrifice of these outcasts will change the attitudes of an entire community. In their silence, the dead have gotten the last word. 

For more information on themes and characters, see the links below.

In chapters 4-7, how does Jem get even with Scout for contradicting him about "Hot Steams?" Why will there be no more surprises in the Radleys'...

Jem was not too happy about Scout's reaction to his story
about Hot Steams. Dill had never heard the term before, so Jem explained that they were
a type of spirit that had not yet reached heaven. Scout discounted the tale, claiming
that "Calpurnia says that's nigger-talk." So, Jem determined to pay Scout back quickly.
When she demanded to be first when they rolled the tire, Jem pushed her roughly and
"with all the force in his body," and she landed on the steps of the Radley
house.

The surprises left in the knothole of the Radley oak
tree ended abruptly when Mr. Radley cemented the niche. He apparently had discovered
that Boo was leaving gifts for the children and disapproved of his son's
actions.

In chapters 4-7, how does Jem get even with Scout for contradicting him about "Hot Steams?" Why will there be no more surprises in the Radleys'...

Jem was not too happy about Scout's reaction to his story about Hot Steams. Dill had never heard the term before, so Jem explained that they were a type of spirit that had not yet reached heaven. Scout discounted the tale, claiming that "Calpurnia says that's nigger-talk." So, Jem determined to pay Scout back quickly. When she demanded to be first when they rolled the tire, Jem pushed her roughly and "with all the force in his body," and she landed on the steps of the Radley house.

The surprises left in the knothole of the Radley oak tree ended abruptly when Mr. Radley cemented the niche. He apparently had discovered that Boo was leaving gifts for the children and disapproved of his son's actions.

What three important reforms occurred during the "Gilded Age" of U.S. history?

The so-called Gilded Age of US history was the period of 1890-1900, a time when the population greatly increased and the wealthy prospered even more and displayed their properity through extravagance and excess. The expression "gilded age" was coined by Mark Twain and Charles D. Warner; to gild something means to cover it in gold, thus this era was rich with gold. Like so many well-known expressions, this one originated with Shakespeare in his play King John: "To gild refined gold, to paint the lily... is wasteful and ridiculous excess."

Three important political reforms that occurred during this era are:

McKinley Tariff Act (1890), which raised the duties (or taxes) on imports. It was created to help American manufacturers by making foreign imports more expensive.

In order to gain support for this bill among western states, Congress passed the Sherman Silver Purchase Act the same year. Under this act, the federal government agreed to purchase 4,500,00 oz. of silver every month and to issue paper money to equal the amount of each purchase, to be redeemable in either silver or gold.

Another reform that passed in 1890 was the Sherman Antitrust Act, which declared illegal "every contract, combination in the form of trust or otherwise, or conspiracy, in restraint of trade." This act aimed at preventing monopolies.

What is the conflict in the story "Rumble Fish?"

Rusty-James is the protagonist of this story, and his conflict is both man vs. society and man vs. self.  His tendency to not think of his past or future, to act too much in the moment, is the result of his abandonment.  He is raised by inept parents and in a "crummy" neighborhood.  He worships Motorcycle Boy because this is the only person Rusty knows that has a plan, a purpose, and a sense of what things mean.  No one else in Rusty's life - in his society - have been able to provide these things for him.  Hinton is commenting in this book - as in The Outsiders and others - on the consequences of poverty in this country.

But besides the conflict with society, Rusty has to battle himself.  He has to mature and to choose a path.  As Steve tells him in the last chapter, when they are in fact both adults, "If you want to go somewhere in life you just have to work till you make it." Unfortunately, Rusty has not won the battle with himself or with society, and still struggles to find a place he wants to go.

Who is Doctor Howe and what three things did he tell Annie in Act I of "The Miracle Worker"?

Doctor Howe is Samuel Gridley Howe, founder of the Perkins Institute, the first school for the blind and visually impaired in the United States.  Both Annie Sullivan and Helen Keller attended school there.  Doctor Howe is famous for his revolutionary methods for teaching the blind, and reknowned especially for his work with Laura Bridgman, a girl who was both blind and deaf like Helen Keller - he taught her to communicate using sign language and raised print, pioneering the new field of deaf-blind education.

When Annie arrives at the Keller's, she has been studying the works of Dr. Howe.  From his writings she understands that her job - "first, last, and in-between", is to teach Helen language.  In answer to the second half of your question, the play does not mention that Dr. Howe actually told Annie anything directly, although she does remember that he said in his writings, "Language is to the mind more than the light is to the eye".  Also, Annie does say that she has three advantages over Dr. Howe in being chosen to work with Helen - she has "his work behind (her)...hav(ing) read everything he wrote", she is young, and she has been blind herself (Act I).

In "Night," what did the Kapos do while they were in power? What kind of jobs were they assigned?

The Kapos, who were also prison guards and sometimes Jews themselves, did whatever the Nazis asked of them. They were usually employed to watch over the barracks and supervise the work that the other prisoners did. If the prisoners worked too slow or too fast or did anything that a Kapo or guard did not like then the Kapo would use whatever force they felt necessary. Kapos like Idek would find reasons to beat up Eli and his father and certainly took advantage of his position of power over the other prisoners.

The Kapos were not the only prisoners who were employed to work in the camps. Soderkammandos were also prisoners who were hired by the Nazis to work int he camps. Their job was to prepare other prisoners for the gas chambers. They would take teeth, hair, personal belongings, and deliver the speeches that the prisoners were only headed toward the showers.

What is the symbolic meaning of "the shawl" and how does it relate to the main idea?

haleyl,

The details of the story, important as they are, are not laid out according to any plan or scheme. We learn in the first four paragraphs that Rosa, along with her young daughter Stella and her infant daughter Magda, have been on a forced march, and that spectators have lined up along the way as the marching Jews have gone by.

With paragraph 5, the scene shifts to the confines of a Nazi extermination camp, which is not named. Ultimately, a German guard murders Magda by throwing her against an electrically charged fence. Ozick presents these details as the major character, Rosa, perceives them—not as she sees them and remembers them in outline, but as she receives impressions about them. This is the symbolic meaning of the "shawl." The result is that we experience the story as it not only affects Rosa but comforts her as much as possible within the confines of what happens in the story. Unless she perceives it, it is not included in the story.

To pigeon-hole the idea that the shawl symbolizes any one type of religious ware, might narrow an interpretation and dilute the true themes of the story. While it is true that there are various themes to stories, the more limiting symbolic objects stand as symbols, the less focused the energy of the story. Even if you remove any references to a German concentration camp, the full effect of the story is not marginalized or mitigated. Oppression can happen anywhere, and we are comforted by things as best we can.

What is "linin"? Why do people in Calpurnia's church use it?Why does Calp. speak the dialect of the "colored folks"when she is in her church?

Calpurnia lives in two worlds, a white world and a black
world.  She is well aware that she is expected to behave and present a certain way when
she is among each group and those behaviors and speech are very
different. 

Calpurnia is a unique individual but very much
like many women of her day.  She has spent her life taking care of white people and
their children and homes.  Yet, it is clear that she respects Atticus and feels
fortunate to be able to work for someone who respects her color and does not degrade the
black people. 

When she takes the children to the church it
ais an awakening for them because they have the opportunity to learn tha dialects are
cultural and in the south, at the time, race related.  In many ways Calpurnia
demonstrates her high level of intelligence by showing and explaining to the children
the difference between the ways one must present ones self.

What is "linin"? Why do people in Calpurnia's church use it?Why does Calp. speak the dialect of the "colored folks"when she is in her church?

Calpurnia lives in two worlds, a white world and a black world.  She is well aware that she is expected to behave and present a certain way when she is among each group and those behaviors and speech are very different. 

Calpurnia is a unique individual but very much like many women of her day.  She has spent her life taking care of white people and their children and homes.  Yet, it is clear that she respects Atticus and feels fortunate to be able to work for someone who respects her color and does not degrade the black people. 

When she takes the children to the church it ais an awakening for them because they have the opportunity to learn tha dialects are cultural and in the south, at the time, race related.  In many ways Calpurnia demonstrates her high level of intelligence by showing and explaining to the children the difference between the ways one must present ones self.

What does Tom Robinson's trial reveal about Maycomb's community with evidence and quotes from "To Kill a Mockingbird"?

Lets start with the pre-trial.  This demonstrates how firmly imbedded racism is in this community.  Although the Ewells were not a respected family in Maycomb, no one doubts their story.  Instead, the town rallies around them and shuns Atticus, a well-respected member of the community.  Then, the "gang" appears at the courthouse to "take care" of Tom Robinson.  This again demonstrates the strength and depth of racism in this community.  While still respectful of Atticus, the group was ready to run him over in order to get at Tom Robinson. 

During the trial, we see the segregation of the town that is a part of this racism.  The black community is in the balcony, the white community on the floor of the courthouse.  We see how ridiculous the Ewell story is, and see that racism is causing this town to accept the word of violent white father over that of a helpful and caring black man.  However, there is a shining light.  Because the jury takes so long to return a verdict, Lee shows that the town is slowly starting to change.  In the past, a black man would have been instantly convicted on the word of a white man.  Here, the town shows some character, and at least considers letting the truth and letting justice prevail. 

What themes of social reform and injustice are addressed in the novel Great Expectations?

Some of the important themes of social reform and injustice are as follows:

1.Child abuse:the childhood of Joe, Pip, Estella and Magwitch is pitiably abusive. Ch.7 "And he hammered at me (Joe) with a wigour."  Ch.8 "Within myself,I (Pip) had sustained, from my babyhood a perpetual conflict with injustice."  Ch.33 "You had not your little wits sharpened by their intriguing against you...I (Estella) had." Ch.42 "I (Magwitch) was a ragged little creetur as much to be pitied as ever I see."

 2. The Crooked Legal System: Compeyson is treated sympathetically by the judge and is awarded a lesser jail term. Ch.42 "And when we're sentenced ain't it him as gets seven years and me (Compeyson) fourteen."

3. The Educational System : Ch.10, Mr. Wopsle's great aunt's school. Ch.23 Mr.Pocket's method of tutoring Pip and his companions.

4. The hypocrisy of the prevailing Class System: The central theme of the novel,of course, is "Who is a true gentleman?" Ch.22 "It is a principle of his(Matthew pocket) that no man who was not a true gentleman at heart, ever was, since the world began, a true gentleman in manner. He says, no varnish can hide the grain of the wood; and that the more varnish you put on, the more the grain will exress itself." In which case the true gentleman in the novel would  be Joe and only Joe.

Please explain Robert Louis Stevenson's "The Vagabond."

Robert Louis Stevenson's "The Vagabond" is a poem which
glorifies travel for the sake of travel.

Robert Louis
Stevenson's (1850-1894)  poem "The Vagabond" celebrates the glorious freedom and
independence of a tramp's life. All the four stanzas of "The
Vagabond" repeatedly emphasize the unrestrained joys of an independent life in the
outdoors free from all its
hassles.

All that the vagabond is
interested in is a life of unlimited travel. He wants to completely avoid all human
associations - "nor a friend to know
me."All that he wants to do is travel and travel from one
place to another without any restraint whatsoever, not concerned about the weather or
material wealth or possessions or anything else around
him:

readability="10">

"Give the face of earth
around,
And the road before me.
Wealth I ask not, hope nor
love,
Nor a friend to know me;
All I ask, the heaven
above
And the road below
me."

He
would like to spend his entire life in the outdoors even in the cold autumn and winter
months with the sky as his roof:

readability="6">

Not to autumn will I
yield,
Not to winter
even!

Most
importantly, he wishes for a completely carefree life and is not bothered or frightened
about death at all:

readability="6">

Let the blow fall soon or
late,
Let what will be o'er
me.

In
the last stanza R.L. Stevenson reiterates what he has already emphasized in the earlier
three stanzas, namely, all that he wants to do throughout his life is to travel and to
travel till he drops dead.

In the second stanza the
verb "seek" would mean 'to endeavor to
obtain.' The action is voluntary, conscious and deliberate. He says that all that he
will endeavor to obtain is a life of travel and travel
only.

Whereas, in the last
stanza "ask" would imply a prayer to
God. All that he asks of or requests God is to give him a life of travel and travel
only.

Please explain Robert Louis Stevenson's "The Vagabond."

Robert Louis Stevenson's "The Vagabond" is a poem which glorifies travel for the sake of travel.

Robert Louis Stevenson's (1850-1894)  poem "The Vagabond" celebrates the glorious freedom and independence of a tramp's life. All the four stanzas of "The Vagabond" repeatedly emphasize the unrestrained joys of an independent life in the outdoors free from all its hassles.

All that the vagabond is interested in is a life of unlimited travel. He wants to completely avoid all human associations - "nor a friend to know me."All that he wants to do is travel and travel from one place to another without any restraint whatsoever, not concerned about the weather or material wealth or possessions or anything else around him:

"Give the face of earth around,
And the road before me.
Wealth I ask not, hope nor love,
Nor a friend to know me;
All I ask, the heaven above
And the road below me."

He would like to spend his entire life in the outdoors even in the cold autumn and winter months with the sky as his roof:

Not to autumn will I yield,
Not to winter even!

Most importantly, he wishes for a completely carefree life and is not bothered or frightened about death at all:

Let the blow fall soon or late,
Let what will be o'er me.

In the last stanza R.L. Stevenson reiterates what he has already emphasized in the earlier three stanzas, namely, all that he wants to do throughout his life is to travel and to travel till he drops dead.

In the second stanza the verb "seek" would mean 'to endeavor to obtain.' The action is voluntary, conscious and deliberate. He says that all that he will endeavor to obtain is a life of travel and travel only.

Whereas, in the last stanza "ask" would imply a prayer to God. All that he asks of or requests God is to give him a life of travel and travel only.

In Heart of Darkness, what does it mean about Kurtz that "he had something to say," why is it a victory, and how does it contrast with Marlow?Heart...

In Part III of Heart of Darkness,
Marlowe compares his "extremity," or experience of coming to the brink of death, to
Kurtz's "extremity." Marlowe confesses that in his extremity, if it had proceeded as far
as Kurtz's had (to death), he probably would have found that, unlike Kurtz, he would
have had nothing to say: in the all-important last "pronouncement" of a lifetime,
Marlowe thought he would be without remark. He indirectly (and therefore ambiguously)
explains the meaning of this by discussing the meaning of Kurtz's last words: "The
horror!"

Marlowe explains that in the last moments, with
his eyes wide open, Kurtz took in the aspect of the "whole universe" and, in that
moment, had the courage to pronounce a judgement upon what he perceived. His judgement
was that it was "horror!" In this analysis, made by Marlowe, the horrors of the ideas
and activities of the colonial trading stations become equated with the ideas and
activities of the "whole universe," the whole of civilized humankind's ideas and
activities, and Kurtz judges them with his last breath to all be "horror," ironically
including himself in his pronouncement. The ambiguity arises because it may be that
Marlowe is dramatizing, if he has been found to have any tendencies toward being an
unreliable character and narrator, and that Kurtz didn't mean the whole world but only
the part of the world represented by the colonial trading station and the ideas and
activities forming its foundation, ideas and activities such as Kurtz himself
demonstrated.

In either case, Marlowe states without
ambiguity that the wonder is that Kurtz was able to perceive and to judge: his judgement
was unequivocal condemnation: "The horror!" It is this that Marlowe suggests he would
have been unable to do had his extremity taken him to the final step over "the edge."
Marlowe would not have been able to judge: He would have had nothing to say about the
value and truth of what he perceived. Kurtz could--did. Marlowe
couldn't--wouldn't--wouldn't have any judgement to pass like Kurtz's "The horror!" More
ambiguity enters because Marlowe doesn't indicate whether his silence would stem from a
lack of moral vision and values, a lack of courage, a lack or understanding, or an
unwillingness to pass judgement lest judgement be passed on him likewise. He doesn't
leave a clue as to his revelation of cause behind his expected
silence.

Compared to Marlowe,
Kurtz's ability to make a moral judgement was a
victory of goodness over evil, of light over darkness. On
the other hand, Marlowe's expected silence in his last
breath would be a defeat of moral judgement or vision or
courage or willingness or purity; a defeat of light by darkness.

In Heart of Darkness, what does it mean about Kurtz that "he had something to say," why is it a victory, and how does it contrast with Marlow?Heart...

In Part III of Heart of Darkness, Marlowe compares his "extremity," or experience of coming to the brink of death, to Kurtz's "extremity." Marlowe confesses that in his extremity, if it had proceeded as far as Kurtz's had (to death), he probably would have found that, unlike Kurtz, he would have had nothing to say: in the all-important last "pronouncement" of a lifetime, Marlowe thought he would be without remark. He indirectly (and therefore ambiguously) explains the meaning of this by discussing the meaning of Kurtz's last words: "The horror!"

Marlowe explains that in the last moments, with his eyes wide open, Kurtz took in the aspect of the "whole universe" and, in that moment, had the courage to pronounce a judgement upon what he perceived. His judgement was that it was "horror!" In this analysis, made by Marlowe, the horrors of the ideas and activities of the colonial trading stations become equated with the ideas and activities of the "whole universe," the whole of civilized humankind's ideas and activities, and Kurtz judges them with his last breath to all be "horror," ironically including himself in his pronouncement. The ambiguity arises because it may be that Marlowe is dramatizing, if he has been found to have any tendencies toward being an unreliable character and narrator, and that Kurtz didn't mean the whole world but only the part of the world represented by the colonial trading station and the ideas and activities forming its foundation, ideas and activities such as Kurtz himself demonstrated.

In either case, Marlowe states without ambiguity that the wonder is that Kurtz was able to perceive and to judge: his judgement was unequivocal condemnation: "The horror!" It is this that Marlowe suggests he would have been unable to do had his extremity taken him to the final step over "the edge." Marlowe would not have been able to judge: He would have had nothing to say about the value and truth of what he perceived. Kurtz could--did. Marlowe couldn't--wouldn't--wouldn't have any judgement to pass like Kurtz's "The horror!" More ambiguity enters because Marlowe doesn't indicate whether his silence would stem from a lack of moral vision and values, a lack of courage, a lack or understanding, or an unwillingness to pass judgement lest judgement be passed on him likewise. He doesn't leave a clue as to his revelation of cause behind his expected silence.

Compared to Marlowe, Kurtz's ability to make a moral judgement was a victory of goodness over evil, of light over darkness. On the other hand, Marlowe's expected silence in his last breath would be a defeat of moral judgement or vision or courage or willingness or purity; a defeat of light by darkness.

Does Kit from "Witch of Blackbird Pond" ever get married?

At the story's end, Kit and Nathaniel are reunited.  Although the story ends before they are actually wed, there is no doubt that their marriage is imminent.

Nat had asked Kit to go with him before, but Kit had demurred, and, as far as he knew when he saw her last, she was going to marry William Ashby.  Realizing that they were not right for each other, however, Kit had broken off her engagement with William, who ended up marrying Kit's cousin Judith, a much better match for him, instead.  After surviving the typhoid epidemic and being accused of witchcraft, Kit had come to accept that she would never be at home in Connceticut Colony, and "all her plans now turned toward Barbados", and Nat, whom she finally perceives as being the one who has loved her all along, just as she is.

When Nathaniel arrives and learns that Kit has not married Ashby, he knows from Kit's demeanor that she will accept his own proposal this time.  Being a proper gentleman who wants to do things right, Nathaniel resolves immediately to ask her Uncle for her hand.  Kit wants to see the new boat Nat has managed to acquire, but Nat refuses.  He wants her to wait until they are married; when he takes her aboard, "it's going to be for keeps".  The book ends with the two of them walking to the Woods's residence, to get the approval of the family and make their plans official (Chapter 21).

In the story "The Most Dangerous Game," what are the rules to Zaroff's game?

The rules to Zaroff's game are deceptively simple. Zaroff first suggests to his victim that they go hunting. The unlucky candidate can choose not to, but if he will not take part in the game, he is turned over to Ivan, who "has his own ideas of sport". The result is that there really is no other viable option, and the victim "invariably...choose(s) the hunt".

The chosen subject is then given a supply of food and "an excellent hunting knife". He is given three hours' head start, after which Zaroff will begin his pursuit, armed "only with a pistol of the smallest caliber and range". If the victim manages to elude the hunter "for three whole days", he wins the game, and he is given his freedom, taken by sloop back to the mainland and released near a town. If he does not elude Zaroff, he "loses", and is killed.

What is a good hook/catchy sentence regarding the children of the Holocaust?I am writing a research paper regarding the children of the Holocaust....

My best advice is to save your introduction for the very
end.  Write the entire body of your paper first.  I think your hook will present itself
once you've said everything you are going to say.  Not to mention, after absorbing
yourself in the research for such a topic, you yourself might be pretty emotional. 
Hooks come best out of strong emotion - and only you can find
that.

Also thought I'd pass along a great resource for your
research.  There's a book, I Never Saw Another Butterfly, which is
a collection of poetry and art by the children at the Terezin ghetto.  It is wonderful. 
You could probably find it at the library - or talk to some of the teachers at your
school who are most interested in the Holocaust.  I've found it to be pretty easy to
come by if you don't want to purchace a copy for yourself.

What is a good hook/catchy sentence regarding the children of the Holocaust?I am writing a research paper regarding the children of the Holocaust....

My best advice is to save your introduction for the very end.  Write the entire body of your paper first.  I think your hook will present itself once you've said everything you are going to say.  Not to mention, after absorbing yourself in the research for such a topic, you yourself might be pretty emotional.  Hooks come best out of strong emotion - and only you can find that.

Also thought I'd pass along a great resource for your research.  There's a book, I Never Saw Another Butterfly, which is a collection of poetry and art by the children at the Terezin ghetto.  It is wonderful.  You could probably find it at the library - or talk to some of the teachers at your school who are most interested in the Holocaust.  I've found it to be pretty easy to come by if you don't want to purchace a copy for yourself.

How would I start writing criticism on a writer?i want to write a piece of literature which should be a criticism on some specific writing.

As others have noted, the first thing you need to do is
determine your focus. What type of criticism are you writing. For instance, if you are
focusing on a specific writer, you might begin by deciding which writer you wish to
focus on. The, you can proceed in several ways, but two easy options are to choose a
theme that is prevalent in several works by that author or tie that author's place in
history or his or her personal life to elements of the works in question. Essentially,
what you are looking for is patterns. You will find that most writers develop themes
that reappear in all or most of their works, which makes it easier to identify them if
you have read several works by the author in question.

On
the other hand, if you are focusing on a specific work, then the first thing you need to
do once you have decided what work you will be writing about is to look for themes,
images, motifs, something in the plot or characterization that interests you and that
you can make some sort of claim about (this will be your
thesis).

As to research, a look at what other literary
critics have said about the author or the work is a good way to generate ideas as well
as to find proof from other sources that helps to support your ideas. Just remember that
anything that you gather from research must be appropriately
cited!

How would I start writing criticism on a writer?i want to write a piece of literature which should be a criticism on some specific writing.

As others have noted, the first thing you need to do is determine your focus. What type of criticism are you writing. For instance, if you are focusing on a specific writer, you might begin by deciding which writer you wish to focus on. The, you can proceed in several ways, but two easy options are to choose a theme that is prevalent in several works by that author or tie that author's place in history or his or her personal life to elements of the works in question. Essentially, what you are looking for is patterns. You will find that most writers develop themes that reappear in all or most of their works, which makes it easier to identify them if you have read several works by the author in question.

On the other hand, if you are focusing on a specific work, then the first thing you need to do once you have decided what work you will be writing about is to look for themes, images, motifs, something in the plot or characterization that interests you and that you can make some sort of claim about (this will be your thesis).

As to research, a look at what other literary critics have said about the author or the work is a good way to generate ideas as well as to find proof from other sources that helps to support your ideas. Just remember that anything that you gather from research must be appropriately cited!

In "Hamlet," what quote shows the difference in the way Hamlet and Ophelia grieve over their fathers' murders?

Strikingly, it would seem that given the way the two fathers' deaths color things, the best quotations to show the differences in how Hamlet and Ophelia deal with their respective losses come not from either of them, but from the king, the queen, and perhaps Horatio. See Act IV, Scene V for examples, such as the following:

Follow her close; give her good watch, I pray you.
O, this is the poison of deep grief; it springs
All from her father's death. O Gertrude, Gertrude,
When sorrows come, they come not single spies.(80)
But in battalions!

The king is speaking of Ophelia, and recognizes that she feels "deep grief." Her feelings are overt, and each "springs" up from pain. By contrast, Hamlet's grief is so deep that it is more like one of these spies evoked. He is just as disordered, but more hidden, like a spy.

To what extent had the US fulfilled its promise to be a City upon a Hill, by the end of the 19th century?I would just like to know some events...

I think that the starting elements you have featured are
fairly good.  I would also include on this list the articulation of how the nation came
into being.  The Declaration of Independence helped to articulate the vision of what
America is to stand for and the ideals to which it aspires.  In this light, it became
the blueprint for the nation in articulating and demanding freedom.  Other nations have
appropriated this document in their own struggles to be free. Along these lines, the
document's implicit demand for rights on both a political and economic level have also
played a vital role in the demands of freedom in other social and political settings.  I
think that the Washington's Farewell Address might also do much to symbolize how the
nation could be vaulted to the top of a hill.  In reaching out for a political system
that is not predicated upon factions and internal division, Washington helped to show
that political orders can be heterogeneous, but committed to the overall function of a
nation.  In this light, political structures are meant to bring people together and not
drive them apart.

To what extent had the US fulfilled its promise to be a City upon a Hill, by the end of the 19th century?I would just like to know some events...

I think that the starting elements you have featured are fairly good.  I would also include on this list the articulation of how the nation came into being.  The Declaration of Independence helped to articulate the vision of what America is to stand for and the ideals to which it aspires.  In this light, it became the blueprint for the nation in articulating and demanding freedom.  Other nations have appropriated this document in their own struggles to be free. Along these lines, the document's implicit demand for rights on both a political and economic level have also played a vital role in the demands of freedom in other social and political settings.  I think that the Washington's Farewell Address might also do much to symbolize how the nation could be vaulted to the top of a hill.  In reaching out for a political system that is not predicated upon factions and internal division, Washington helped to show that political orders can be heterogeneous, but committed to the overall function of a nation.  In this light, political structures are meant to bring people together and not drive them apart.

What are the most important decisions odysseus makes? Are they good or bad?

The first significant decision that Odysseus makes is his choice to decline Calypso's offer to become immortal and stay with her forever. This is significant because it demonstrates Odysseus' personality.  He is a headstrong man and is quite loyal to his family, choosing to live and meet a mortal's death one day to return to his family rather than live forever with a goddess.

 He makes a similar decision later on when he decides to leave Circe's island after having spent a year with her. This shows his love and consideratino for his men because they asked him to leave.

Another intelligent decision he makes is  asking his crew to tie him to the mast of the ship when they pass the sirens' alluring song so that he could hear it yet not be allowed to give into it, which would surely lead to his death.  He also had his men plug their ears so they would not give in to the sirens' song.

One of the bad decisions he makes is when he offends Poseidon by hurting the Cyclops, the son of Poseidon. The Cyclops asks his father to seek vengeance for him, throwing Odysseus off course yet again.

i need a reserach proposal on the scientif question how light affects plant growthand my research proposal should contain investigative question,...

I am going to offer you a few suggestions for this resarch
proposal, it is up to you to pick the ones that are more convenient for
you.

You can use different light sources, such as
incandescent, fluorescent, sunlight, and total darkness. Be sure to keep the amount of
time of exposure to light the same for all light sources. You can grow beans or any
other easy to grow plant, and inspect them every 12 hours or so.  Or you can see how
many beans will germinate under each light variable. Be sure to have no variables other
than the light source.  Even the amount of water and the watering schedule has to be
constant.  Soil should be the same and the type of pot and seed and number of seeds per
pot that you use should also be the same.

If you chose to
grow plants rather than to germinate seeds, be sure to include qualitative data as well
as quantitative, by this I mean, not only do you measure the growth of each plant and
the length and width of each leaf, but also you may want to count the leaves and
describe their color, the appearance of the stalk and so
on.

Remember the if and then statement for your
investigative question. If bean plants are grown under various light sources, then bean
plants will grow at different rates under different light
sources.

The purpose of your experiment is to investigate
the effect of different light sources on the growth of bean
plants.

I suggest you plant at least 10 beans per light
source.  This would give you about 40 plants, if all germinate.  If not all germinate, I
suggest that you even out the numbers once they have grown enough to keep their leaves
off the soil.  If you have only 6 that germinate for lets say the incandescent light,
then you should reduce all others to 6 once you have established that they are healthy. 
Once again this eliminates having more variables.

Your
title should reflect the purpose of your experiment so The effect of different light
sources on the growth of bean plants seems appropriate as it is short and to the
point.

i need a reserach proposal on the scientif question how light affects plant growthand my research proposal should contain investigative question,...

I am going to offer you a few suggestions for this resarch proposal, it is up to you to pick the ones that are more convenient for you.

You can use different light sources, such as incandescent, fluorescent, sunlight, and total darkness. Be sure to keep the amount of time of exposure to light the same for all light sources. You can grow beans or any other easy to grow plant, and inspect them every 12 hours or so.  Or you can see how many beans will germinate under each light variable. Be sure to have no variables other than the light source.  Even the amount of water and the watering schedule has to be constant.  Soil should be the same and the type of pot and seed and number of seeds per pot that you use should also be the same.

If you chose to grow plants rather than to germinate seeds, be sure to include qualitative data as well as quantitative, by this I mean, not only do you measure the growth of each plant and the length and width of each leaf, but also you may want to count the leaves and describe their color, the appearance of the stalk and so on.

Remember the if and then statement for your investigative question. If bean plants are grown under various light sources, then bean plants will grow at different rates under different light sources.

The purpose of your experiment is to investigate the effect of different light sources on the growth of bean plants.

I suggest you plant at least 10 beans per light source.  This would give you about 40 plants, if all germinate.  If not all germinate, I suggest that you even out the numbers once they have grown enough to keep their leaves off the soil.  If you have only 6 that germinate for lets say the incandescent light, then you should reduce all others to 6 once you have established that they are healthy.  Once again this eliminates having more variables.

Your title should reflect the purpose of your experiment so The effect of different light sources on the growth of bean plants seems appropriate as it is short and to the point.

What are some causes and effects in the story Island of the Blue Dolphins?

The plot of the story is driven by a series of causes and effects.  For example,

Cause:  The Aleuts try to cheat the islanders out of payment for the otter they catch.

Effect:  There is a fierce battle, and most of the men of the island are killed.

Cause:  There are not many men remaining on the island.

Effect:  Women must take over the traditional work of the men. 

Cause:  The memory of the treachery of the Aleuts, and the necessary reorganization of social roles on the island result in sadness and unrest.

Effect:  Kimki goes to find another country where the tribe can live.

Cause:  When the ship comes to take the tribesmembers away, Ramo is late, and ship must embark without him.

Effect:  Karana jumps off the ship to be with her brother, and both are left on the island.

Cause:  Ramo is killed by wild dogs.

Effect:  Karana is now completely alone on the island.

Cause:  Karana is lonely.

Effect:  Karana makes friends with the wild creatures that inhabit the island - an orphaned otter, two birds, and a wild dog whom she names Rontu.

Cause:  Karana feels a oneness with the natural world, and is repulsed by the memory of the Aleuts and the way they mercilessly and wastefully hunted the otter.

Effect:  Karana lives in harmony with nature, refusing to shoot a sea lion so she can use its ivory to make tools, and later spaing the life of Tutok, the enemy Aleut girl, even though she is afraid Tutok will betray her to the other Aleuts. 

What were the major themes and concerns of ancient Greek drama?This is for a history assignment. In the syllabus it states that the major themes...

If you want to know where you can go to read about the themes you mention, there are two places you can go. First, there are the primary sources - the plays themselves. We have three main tragic authors - Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides. If you read a few plays from each author, then you will get a good sense of what Athenian tragedy is like. 

Second, you have secondary sources. There are several excellent books on Greek tragedy. These books with help you with what scholars are saying about the plays.

I suggest that you start with basic introductions. A good book is: Ancient Greek Literature by Kenneth Dover and E. L. Bowie. This book will give you a good overview of tragedy. Another good book is Ancient Greek Tragedy by H. D. F. Kitto. Also use the bibliography to read books and article that interest you. 

Finally, you might want to get a basic history of ancient Greece, so that you will know what is going on during the time of these tragedies. 

In contrast to the Ewells, what kind of person is Tom Robinson? Explain both from "To Kill a Mockingbird."

Bob Ewell and Tom Robinson are very different people.  Bob Ewell is scum in every way.  He doesn't work, he's a drunk, he doesn't take care of his kids, in fact, he beats them, he probably sexually abuses them, too.  The only thing he has going for him is his color.  In the time and societal setting of the story, being a white man makes him socially higher than a black man.  During Mayella's testimony, we learn a great deal about the Ewell family and particularly Bob Ewell and none of what we learn is good.  Tom Robinson, on the other hand, is a hard-working conscientious man.  Despite the fact that he has a useless arm, he works hard to care for his family.  Seeing that there is no one to help Mayella Ewell, he even stops and does occasional chores for her.  Tom is honest and upright.  The only thing going against Tom is his color.  That color alone determines where each of these men stands in society is the one thing that they do have in common.

Why can't Communism be attained in "Animal Farm"?Probably to contrast with Capitalism or Democracy.

In Animal Farm as well as in Soviet Russia, Communism only looks good on paper.  The reason that it can't be attained in either case is because when a small elite group has all the power of governing a large group,and controls every facet of life, the small elite group will abuse the power they have and be subject to corruption.

In essence, communism eliminates private ownership and puts control of all economic activity in the hands of the government.  The worker is to be provided for and everyone is to be equal. 

Technically, in the eyes of the state, or the farm, individuals have no value except for what they can contribute to the state. When Boxer can no longer contribute, he is sent away to die. 

However, it is clear that the Pigs and the Dogs do not work the same as the other animals nor do they live the same, and, they control the animal's perception through propaganda, and use of terror to subdue them. 

Just like in Communist Russia, the people, the peasants, were told they would be cared for by the benevolent government, and they were betrayed.  The same thing happens in Animal Farm, the animals are betrayed by their leader, Napoleon, who begins to abuse them in a far worse manner than the farmer. 

 So, therefore, when Communism is tried, like in any dictatorship, the powerful enjoy lives of luxury off the backs of the workers/peasants, who are lied to and abused. 

In chapters 4-8 of "The Scarlet Letter," what does Hester do with her spare money?

Besides using the money she earns as a seamstress to support herself and Pearl, Hester also uses it to help the poor. The irony is that she has to endure insults from the poor and the sick she is helping. Instead of being lauded for her good works, she finds herself often used as an example of a sinful woman in sermons and public lectures.

In The Great Gatsby, why is the setting important?

The setting is important in this classic novel for several reasons. Tom, Daisy, Gatsby, and Nick are all out of place where they are. They have all been uprooted, all moved in search of some better destiny, or, in Gatsby's case, a whole new life. This indicates the rootlessness of American life, and the threat this mobility carries to character. They are specifically in the East, rather than the Midwest, and this is traditionally the older, more corrupt part of the story. At specific times, the setting is even more directly important: Gatsby's house is large and garish during parties, but touching, because he bought it so he could look across at Daisy's house.

What was the purpose of the spontaneous demonstrations in "Animal Farm"?

The demonstrations have different purposes for different people. By that I mean, for Orwell they are a way to comment on Soviet history: that nation held stage-managed "spontaneous" activities to create the illusion that their population supported their politics. For the animals, there is another purpose, or rather, several. In Chapter IX you'll see that things have gone pretty badly for the animals before the demonstrations start. These are meant to distract the animals from the cold and hunger. They are meant to rally support behind Napoleon, and to raise their spirits—and to show Napoleon's control of the situation.

In The Scarlet Letter, is Pearl an unusual child, and if so how is she unusual?

First of all, Pearl in The Scarlet
Letter is less a character than a symbol; in fact, it is not until Chapter
XXIII that she becomes humanized as she kisses her father, the Reverend Arthur
Dimmesdale, who together with her and her mother Hester, stands on the
scaffold.

For the most part Pearl is symbolic of her
mother's sin and her passionate nature.  Pearl is described as a baffling mixture of
strong moods, laughing uncontrollably one moment and sullen at the next.  She has a
fierce temper, chasing after the Puritan children who deride her, and holding "the
bitterest hatred that can be supposed to rankle in a childish bosom." She described by
Governor Bellingham as being like the "children of the Lord of Misrule."  When she is in
the forest with her mother, Pearl is capricious, refusing to cross the brook; a "wild
and flighty little elf," she will not return to her mother until Hester replaces the
scarlet letter upon her bosom.

While Pearl is the
embodiment of her mother's beauty and passion, she is also representative of Hester's
integrity.  For instance, she pulls away her hand when Dimmesdale refuses to stand with
Hester on the scaffold in Chapter XII, complaining, "Thou wast not bold!--thou wast not
true!"

Intuitively recognizing hypocrisy, Pearl also senses
evil in the same manner.  For example, when she espies Chillingworth in Chapter X, she
shrinks from "the black man," exhorting her mother to come away from him because he will
harm her.

Very much the soul and spirit of her mother
Hester, Pearl appreciates intuitively the beauty of nature. In Chapter XVI, she delights
in the play of sunlight upon her and the beauty of the "complaining
brook."

While Pearl's strangeness as a character may be
attributed to her mental acumen and the abnormal environment in which she is raised,
with only her mother as a companion, certainly, there is something other-worldly about
her, at least until the events of Chapter XXII bring her completely into the world of
humanity.  But, this is the intent of Nathaniel Hawthorne, who utilizes Pearl more as
symbol of Hester's sin and waring spirit than as character.  As such, Pearl is one of
the most meritable elements of Hawthorne's classic novel. 

In The Scarlet Letter, is Pearl an unusual child, and if so how is she unusual?

First of all, Pearl in The Scarlet Letter is less a character than a symbol; in fact, it is not until Chapter XXIII that she becomes humanized as she kisses her father, the Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale, who together with her and her mother Hester, stands on the scaffold.

For the most part Pearl is symbolic of her mother's sin and her passionate nature.  Pearl is described as a baffling mixture of strong moods, laughing uncontrollably one moment and sullen at the next.  She has a fierce temper, chasing after the Puritan children who deride her, and holding "the bitterest hatred that can be supposed to rankle in a childish bosom." She described by Governor Bellingham as being like the "children of the Lord of Misrule."  When she is in the forest with her mother, Pearl is capricious, refusing to cross the brook; a "wild and flighty little elf," she will not return to her mother until Hester replaces the scarlet letter upon her bosom.

While Pearl is the embodiment of her mother's beauty and passion, she is also representative of Hester's integrity.  For instance, she pulls away her hand when Dimmesdale refuses to stand with Hester on the scaffold in Chapter XII, complaining, "Thou wast not bold!--thou wast not true!"

Intuitively recognizing hypocrisy, Pearl also senses evil in the same manner.  For example, when she espies Chillingworth in Chapter X, she shrinks from "the black man," exhorting her mother to come away from him because he will harm her.

Very much the soul and spirit of her mother Hester, Pearl appreciates intuitively the beauty of nature. In Chapter XVI, she delights in the play of sunlight upon her and the beauty of the "complaining brook."

While Pearl's strangeness as a character may be attributed to her mental acumen and the abnormal environment in which she is raised, with only her mother as a companion, certainly, there is something other-worldly about her, at least until the events of Chapter XXII bring her completely into the world of humanity.  But, this is the intent of Nathaniel Hawthorne, who utilizes Pearl more as symbol of Hester's sin and waring spirit than as character.  As such, Pearl is one of the most meritable elements of Hawthorne's classic novel. 

What is the central idea of Hemingway's short story, "The Soldier's Home"? "This shows that_______"

The central idea of this story shows that the experience of war changes a person so much that he may never be able to fit back into the life he had before - those who have not shared the same experience can never understand what it was like, and how it changes a person.

Harold Krebs returns from World War I to his mother's house in his old hometown.  He finds that at first, people want him to talk about the war, but they have their own preconceived notions of what war is like which is nowhere near the reality he knows.  Nevertheless, he finds himself trying to conform to their expectations, telling them what they want to hear, even though it is a lie.  Harold finds himself out of touch with the people he grew up with, who have all grown up and live in "a complicated world of already defined alliances", and his relationship with his mother is the most difficult.  Worried about his lethargy, she pushes for him to start doing things like go to church with her and get a job.  Finally, when she asks if he loves her, he replies that he no longer loves at all, then lies, saying he didn't mean it so that she will feel better.  Realizing that if he stays, his life will continue to be a series of falsehoods, Harold resolves to leave his old home and go to Kansas City, where he will attempt to start life anew.

What were some of the literary elements (with line numbers) used in Beowulf?

Three typical literary elements that readers identify in Anglo-Saxon literature are:  kennings, alliteration, and caesuras.  Kennings are phrases which are used in place of the thing they represent in order to serve as a memory device for the poet.  For example, "bling-bling" is a modern Kenning for "shiny jewelry". Alliteration is the repetition of consonant sounds in a line of poetry.  It serves the poem for rhythm and sometimes for tone or mood. Caesuras are breaks in the line of poetry, and are not usually found outside of Anglo-Saxon literature.  It serves as the unifying element in Anglo-Saxon poetry instead of rhyme.

Examples of Kennings in the poem are abundant.  Some of them include "shepherd of evil, guardian of crime" line 432  and "that sin-stained demon" line 483 which refers to Grendel; "that mighty protector of men" line 472 referring to Beowulf.

Alliteration examples include, "He slipped through the door and there in the silence snatched up thirty men, smashed them..." line 36-37.  Generally, there should be two or more words with the same consonant sound repeated to be considered alliteration.

Caesura examples include, "Swaddled in flames, it came gliding and flexing and racing toward its fate" lines 719-720.  The pause is in the middle of the line, indicated by a natural break in the language and also a comma. 

What philosophical viewpoint prevails at the end of Othello?

The dark emotions, jealousy, greed, envy, anger can consume even the most honorable individual. 

Insecurity, self-image or self-esteem can be a powerful influence in decision making.

 The manipulation of perception by individuals who twist and bend the truth to suit their purposes are very dangerous.

One lie leads to another and before you know it, the truth is so totally masked that when told, it sounds like a lie.

Choose your friends and confidantes wisely.  Always consider an individuals motivation in a situation when you weigh his or her opinion.  Shakespeare teaches us to look out for hidden agendas, personal vendettas and skillfully masked hatred pretending to be love. 

Othello, an honorable man, is turned into a green eyed monster, consumed with insecurity, jealousy and rage.  His passion turns deadly and he is transformed into a murderer.

Give me five examples of why Jordan and Daisy are not really friends in The Great Gatsby?

Sometimes we have people in our lives that we use for
comfort. They are just easy to be around. I think Jordan and Daisy are just people who
use each other... that was part of the culture in the 20s. Here are some reasons they
are not likely true friends:

1. Jordan seems to know that
Tom has a woman. She's nosy and wants to see Daisy catch him, but doesn't seem to reveal
any evidence of helping Daisy or telling on Tom what she knows about
it.

2. Jordan expects Daisy to wait on her while she stays
at Daisy's house. When Jordan goes to bed in chapter 1, she asks Daisy to get her up at
8, and Daisy says, "if you'll get up." This suggests that Daisy doesn't care too much
for Daisy.

3. Jordan is just arrogant. Nobody wants to be
friends with someone like that. Jordan knows she's attractive and she plays a
professional sport so she expects all people to treat her
well.

4. Jordan goes to parties at Gatsby's without taking
Daisy. It seems as if she goes to the parties regularly. If they were such great
girlfriends, this would be a regular activity they
shared.

5. Good friends take you up on the advice you give
them. Daisy seems to try to get her to be with Nick. That transpires on a friendship
level, but we do not see evidence of a relationship budding.

Give me five examples of why Jordan and Daisy are not really friends in The Great Gatsby?

Sometimes we have people in our lives that we use for comfort. They are just easy to be around. I think Jordan and Daisy are just people who use each other... that was part of the culture in the 20s. Here are some reasons they are not likely true friends:

1. Jordan seems to know that Tom has a woman. She's nosy and wants to see Daisy catch him, but doesn't seem to reveal any evidence of helping Daisy or telling on Tom what she knows about it.

2. Jordan expects Daisy to wait on her while she stays at Daisy's house. When Jordan goes to bed in chapter 1, she asks Daisy to get her up at 8, and Daisy says, "if you'll get up." This suggests that Daisy doesn't care too much for Daisy.

3. Jordan is just arrogant. Nobody wants to be friends with someone like that. Jordan knows she's attractive and she plays a professional sport so she expects all people to treat her well.

4. Jordan goes to parties at Gatsby's without taking Daisy. It seems as if she goes to the parties regularly. If they were such great girlfriends, this would be a regular activity they shared.

5. Good friends take you up on the advice you give them. Daisy seems to try to get her to be with Nick. That transpires on a friendship level, but we do not see evidence of a relationship budding.

What is McBride's main argument in The Color of Water?I do not understand what it is. At first I thought about racism, but then it goes on about...

I think that McBride's main argument is closely tied to
his title, and that while most would associate that title with race, McBride intends for
his readers to realize--as he did--that in regards to race, religion, and education,
humans cannot think everything is either black or white.  The mature McBride looks back
on his life and realizes that if everybody viewed every area of the human existence
clearly (the color of water) and neutrally, then we would have far fewer controversies,
whether they be connected to race, religion, etc.

In
regards to the second part of your question, McBride has to discuss religion and
education because they played just as significant a role in his life as his mixed
ethnicity did.  While his mother was white, and that certainly created controversy for
her and her children, she was also Jewish, and her family would not have approved of her
marrying anyone (black or white) who was not Jewish. Similarly, when McBride's mother
seeks to get the best education possible for her children, she must combat not only
segregation based on race but also differences in religious philosophy with the
schools.

What is McBride's main argument in The Color of Water?I do not understand what it is. At first I thought about racism, but then it goes on about...

I think that McBride's main argument is closely tied to his title, and that while most would associate that title with race, McBride intends for his readers to realize--as he did--that in regards to race, religion, and education, humans cannot think everything is either black or white.  The mature McBride looks back on his life and realizes that if everybody viewed every area of the human existence clearly (the color of water) and neutrally, then we would have far fewer controversies, whether they be connected to race, religion, etc.

In regards to the second part of your question, McBride has to discuss religion and education because they played just as significant a role in his life as his mixed ethnicity did.  While his mother was white, and that certainly created controversy for her and her children, she was also Jewish, and her family would not have approved of her marrying anyone (black or white) who was not Jewish. Similarly, when McBride's mother seeks to get the best education possible for her children, she must combat not only segregation based on race but also differences in religious philosophy with the schools.

What are the Concepts of health and ill healthhealth and social care

Ill health means different things to different people. How people view ill health depends on a variety of factors; if they've been seriously ill before, how knowledgeable they are about illness and also what they would class as a "severe" or "mild" illness etc. There are three main concepts of ill health: ill health as a subjective sensation of illness; ill health as disease symptoms, and finally, ill health as a disorder or malfunction within the body.

The first concept is ill health as disease symptoms. This concept focuses on the symptoms associated with ill health, such as vomiting, diarrhoea, pain and also visible symptoms, such as rashes and lumps on the skin. This is a common concept among patients, rather than health professionals, as it is about what the sufferer feels, rather than what the doctor or nurse is classifying those symptoms as. This concept of health is beneficial as people who have this concept will pick up on symptoms much quicker, and therefore will more readily seek medical advice. However, a fixation or overuse of this concept may develop into hypochondria, where people constantly panic over very mild symptoms, believing they may have a serious or fatal illness when, in most cases, they are perfectly fine, or have a very mild infection or illness, such as a cold.

The second concept is ill health as a subjective sensation of illness. This is a general feeling of being ill or unwell, also known as "Malaise". Malaise is a general feeling of uneasiness or discomfort, and is often an initial stage of an illness or disease. It is a general term for all sorts of non-visual symptoms (symptoms that are not physically apparent), such as fatigue, depression, and the general feeling of being run-down and exhausted. Doctors, nurses and other healthcare professionals view malaise as being a "warning light" to the brain, telling it that something is not quite right within the rest of the body (Reference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaise).

The final concept of ill health is ill health as a disorder or malfunction. This usually relates to more serious and life threatening diseases illnesses, such as heart disease, intestinal blockage or a brain tumour.

Describe Pip's first meeting with the convict and his consequent suffering until he runs away with the food for the convict on the marshes.

When the little boy Pip meets the escaped convict Magwitch he is overwhelmed by fear and guilt.

The first words uttered by the terrified Pip in the novel are:" 'O! Don't cut my throat sir,' I pleaded in terror." Pip has a harrowing time at the hands of the convict who threatens him that if he does'nt bring a file and some  food the next morning, his companion "a young man" will take out his heart and liver. At the end of Ch.2 the adult Pip reminisces about this incident and remarks:"few people know what secrecy......in the secrecy of my terror."

In Ch.2 the little boy Pip describes how guilty ["the guilty knowledge that I was going to rob Mrs.Joe"] he felt that he had to steal from his sister's pantry to supply food for the convict.

Childish fear and guilt are accentuated by the childish imagination of the little boy Pip. When he goes to steal the food from the pantry he imagines that every board was calling after him "Stop thief!"

Surprisingly, Pip is not frightened of his sister. She has been beating him up regularly with "Tickler" so much so that he has become accustomed to her constant abusive nature and is only "repulsed by her at every turn." Ch 2.

His only source of comfort is his sister's husband Joe whom he always regarded "as a larger species of child, and as no more than my equal." But unwittingly Joe gets him in trouble when Pip hides his bread slice in his trousers.

What was the status of a slave child born to a slave woman and a white man according to the Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass?

In the South during the time before the Civil War, any
child born to a slave was a slave for life just as his or her mother was.  It made no
difference who the father of the child was.  Even if the father was white -- in fact,
even if the father of the child was the plantation's master himself -- it made no
difference.  The child would be a slave for life unless the master set that child
free.

It was not at all uncommon for white slave owners to
own children who were their own children -- ones that they had had with one of their
slaves.

What was the status of a slave child born to a slave woman and a white man according to the Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass?

In the South during the time before the Civil War, any child born to a slave was a slave for life just as his or her mother was.  It made no difference who the father of the child was.  Even if the father was white -- in fact, even if the father of the child was the plantation's master himself -- it made no difference.  The child would be a slave for life unless the master set that child free.

It was not at all uncommon for white slave owners to own children who were their own children -- ones that they had had with one of their slaves.

Who were some of the fashion designers of the 1940s?

Christian Dior was one of the most influential designers
of the 1940s.  He was born in France in 1905 to a wealthy family.  His family had hopes
of him becoming a diplomat but he instead pursued his dream of fashion
design. 

readability="12">

"Dior's look employed fabrics lined
predominantly with percale, boned, bustier-style bodices, hip padding, wasp-waisted
corsets and petticoats that made his dresses flare out from the waist, giving his models
a very curvaceous
form."

Pierre Balmain was
another French born fashion designer.  He was known for his simple tailored suits and
grand evening gowns.  He also popularized the stole.

Claire
Cardell an American born fashion designer was known for her ready to wear clothing
line.  She designed functional and affordable sportswear.

Who were some of the fashion designers of the 1940s?

Christian Dior was one of the most influential designers of the 1940s.  He was born in France in 1905 to a wealthy family.  His family had hopes of him becoming a diplomat but he instead pursued his dream of fashion design. 

"Dior's look employed fabrics lined predominantly with percale, boned, bustier-style bodices, hip padding, wasp-waisted corsets and petticoats that made his dresses flare out from the waist, giving his models a very curvaceous form."

Pierre Balmain was another French born fashion designer.  He was known for his simple tailored suits and grand evening gowns.  He also popularized the stole.

Claire Cardell an American born fashion designer was known for her ready to wear clothing line.  She designed functional and affordable sportswear.

How do the themes and concepts of Fahrenheit 451 support or refute the common concerns of the 1950s?

Bradbury wrote Fahrenheit 451 as a
response to an onslaught on books in the 1950s.

Bradbury
saw censorship run amok in the 1950s print media.  He saw to his horror books being
condensed in Readers Digest.  Full-length novels were reduced to mince meat, all for the
sake of quick and easy.

He also saw TV entertainment and
sports threatening the shelf life of books.  He feared that a generation of students
would be raised without books as a foundation for their
education.

As a successful author, he received pressure
from political, religious, and other minority groups all wanting to take out or add to
his books and stories.  He received mail that suggested he add more black characters,
get rid of politically incorrect plot-lines, add more women characters, focus more on
family values, get rid of all the violence.  The list went on and on until Bradbury had
had enough.

In "Coda," his author's afterword, Bradbury
says:

There
is more than one way to burn a book.  And the world is full people running about with
lit matches.  Every minority, be it Baptist / Unitarian, Irish / Italian / Octogenarian
/ Zen Buddhist, Zionist / Seventh-day Adventist, Women's Lib / Republican, Mattachine /
FourSquareGospel feels it has the will, the right, the duty to douse kerosene, light the
fuse.

How do the themes and concepts of Fahrenheit 451 support or refute the common concerns of the 1950s?

Bradbury wrote Fahrenheit 451 as a response to an onslaught on books in the 1950s.

Bradbury saw censorship run amok in the 1950s print media.  He saw to his horror books being condensed in Readers Digest.  Full-length novels were reduced to mince meat, all for the sake of quick and easy.

He also saw TV entertainment and sports threatening the shelf life of books.  He feared that a generation of students would be raised without books as a foundation for their education.

As a successful author, he received pressure from political, religious, and other minority groups all wanting to take out or add to his books and stories.  He received mail that suggested he add more black characters, get rid of politically incorrect plot-lines, add more women characters, focus more on family values, get rid of all the violence.  The list went on and on until Bradbury had had enough.

In "Coda," his author's afterword, Bradbury says:

There is more than one way to burn a book.  And the world is full people running about with lit matches.  Every minority, be it Baptist / Unitarian, Irish / Italian / Octogenarian / Zen Buddhist, Zionist / Seventh-day Adventist, Women's Lib / Republican, Mattachine / FourSquareGospel feels it has the will, the right, the duty to douse kerosene, light the fuse.