In short, Jakobson is attempting to show how a linguistic expert should study poetics.
Poetics, of course, is about verbage and not about the rhyme scheme or makeup of poetic lines. Linguistics, of course, is the science behind that verbage, so poetics and linguistics merge in this way. Further, because linguistics is truly a science of words, literary criticism (or the judgement of a piece of literature as "good" or "bad") has no power here. Instead, what is preferred is objective analysis, not opinion due to the depth of components.
Jakobson delves deeper into linguistics in this text than I have seen in any of his other works. There are further points Jakobson makes in his text, specifically about "synchrony and diachrony" as well as "ideation and emotiveness" and the survey of language in question. In short, it is a perfect read for a person who wants to be well versed in the science of linguistics.
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