Friday, December 17, 2010

Test the series for convergence or divergence. sum[(-1)^n*(n/ln(n)) n=2..infinity] show steps

To test the convergence of (-1)^n*n/ln for
n=2,3,....infinity,


Solution:


Sn
= (2/ln2-3/ln3) +
(4/ln4-5/ln5)+.....2n/ln2n-9n+1)ln(2n+1)+....


We study the
difference (2n/ln - 2ln2n+1)


We know that (1+x)^n
 >1+nx > nx .Or


n/ln(1+x) > ln(nx) .
Or


n/ln(1+1)> lnn for x=1.
Or


n/ln n >1/ln2. l/ln x is a continuous increasing
function.


Therefore (n+1)/ln(n+1) - n/ln is posititive . So
we can use cauchy's condensation test.


The Series Sn = Sum
(2n+1)/ln(2n+1) -2n/ln(2n) and  sum Vn a^2n {a^(2n+1)/lna^(2n+1) - a^(2n)/lna^(2n)]
where a is a a number >=2 behave alike.


Simplifying
Vn:


Vn = a^(4n){a/[a/(2n+1)ln a] - 1/2nln
a}


=
(a^2n/lna){(a*2n-2n-1)/[(2n+1)(2n)]}


= (a^4n/lna){ 2n(a
-1)+1]/[(2n)(2n+1)]}


= (a^4n/(2n+1){(a-1
 +1/(2n)}{1/lna}


Taking limit a^4n/(2n+1) is unbounded. The
other factor {a-1 +1/(2n){1/lna} is a finite
quantity,


Therefore, Sum Vn diverges.And  Sn = Sum
(2n+1)/ln(2n+1) -2n/ln(2n) should behave
similarly.


Therefore , -Sn = Sum -[(2n+1)/ln(2n+1)
-2n/ln(2n) ] = Sum{2n/ln2n - ( 2n+1)/ ln(2n+1)] should also
diverge.

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