In many ways it depends on which part of Europe you are
asking about. It de-centralized some "empire" like structures including the break up of
the Austrio-Hungarian empire and led to many of the effects that would see other
European countries losing their colonies (though the real effect there wasn't
necessarily felt until after WWII).
The revolution in
Russia leading to the eventual rise of the Soviet Union was helped in many ways by the
devestation, hunger and economic collapse throughout Russia after the war (along with
the purge of most of the army officers), perhaps worsened the outbreak of the flu that
killed millions thanks to malnutrition and lack of nutrition throughout the
continent.
Many people also point to what they call the
"lost generation" given that most of an entire generation of young men from Europe died
in the war and those who witnessed it never recovered from the aftermath. There was an
increase in efforts to bridge national borders since many felt that nationalism led to
much of the causes of the war. There was also a great growth in philosophies like
nihilism since people saw so much destruction and had no faith in humans
afterwards.
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