What are the four factors that divide the oceans in different zones of life?

This looks like a specific textbook answer, so your
teacher is probably looking for those specific four factors.  Since I don't have your
textbook, here are the four variables I would use to classify the different
oceans:

1) Latitude - it's location from North to South on
the globe determines much about the ocean, including temperature, the location of
currents, and the type of species that can live in it.

2) 
Depth - Take a relatively shallow ocean like the Gulf of Mexico, and a deep ocean like
parts of the Atlantic and Pacific (with depths up to 30,000 feet) and they are vastly
different oceans in terms of the kinds of life they can
support

3)  Salinity - the salt content of that ocean, or
lack of it, is a prime determinant of the kinds of life that is sustainable
there

4) Temperature - closely related to depth and
latitude, but the shallow warmer seas, tropical ones, that is, support a different kind
of life than the colder deeper oceans.

Hope that
helps!