Scout becomes confused during school because she does not understand why the Ewells are "allowed" to miss school, breaking the rules, while she "must" attend school and follow the rules. Scout feels an injustice has been done to her. The lesson she learns has meaning on several levels. Through her father's explanation she realizes that school is the right place for children to be. She will also come to understand that the Ewell children are not getting away with anything. It is obvious that their family life puts little value on education, as well as other social morals. She ultimately learns that some people do not respect themselves, that being the case the concept of right and wrong mean nothing to them.
When the knot-hole was cemented up Jem learned just how cruel human beings could be. Mr. Nathan sealed up the hole knowing that Boo was leaving small gifts for the children, and deliberately cut off Boo's attempts to connect and forge a relationship with others. Jem also realizes how wrong he was in his opinion of Boo Radley. The experience, although sad for Boo actually allowed Jem to see a life experience from another point of view. It humbled him to the plight of others.
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