Evaluate Roger's strengths and weaknesses in "Lord of the Flies"? I need as much info on this as much, thank you!! :]

While Roger changes during the course of the story, like most of the boys do, and increases in savagery, he starts out, in the first chapter, as one the savagery comes as no surprise.  The first description of him is that he is a "...slight, furtive boy whom no one knew, who kept to himself with an inner intensity of avoidance and secrecy." His strengths are that he is a listener and an observer.  He listens and observes Jack, seeing that Jack has a command of the boys that Ralph lacks.  Roger seems to know that by aligning himself with Jack, he is setting himself up to be one of Jack's henchmen.  He has a savagery in him tempered by the years of civilization and this becomes clear when he throws stones around the littlun, Henry, but doesn't hit him. Part of him wants to hit the littler boy, but part of him is still governed by civility.  Roger's biggest weakness is that same savagery.  When, by the 11th chapter, Roger has given in to his savage nature, he rolls the rock off the edge of Castle Rock and kills Piggy. At this point, Roger is so savage that he nearly challenges Jack.  At the end of ch. 11, as Roger walks past Jack, he nearly pushes him with his shoulder as he walks past. If the boys weren't rescued in the next chapter, Roger would probably have eventually led a revolt against Jack in order to get more power for himself.

What is the main idea of the book "Speak"?

There are several themes in the book, Speak. Two of the biggest themes are about social casting and about keeping secrets. 

The first, about social casting, runs throughout the book in characters like Heather and Andy Evans. Heather longs to be popular, and Andy already is. Melinda is shunned by the popular people. The casting of the social strata is very important in Melinda's high school. 

The other theme, about keeping secrets, is what the book is titled after. The main character, Melinda, will not speak about the horrible event she experienced over the summer. Because of this, she turns inward and becomes an outcast. Her secret changes her, and changes the way people respond to her. 

What is the main conflict in the story, "Raymond's Run"?

Hazel is the protagonist of this story and the conflict that drives the story is Hazel's conflict vs. herself.  She is confident and self-assured, but at the same time, she has a strong need to prove herself.  She has been teased and alienated by many of her schoolmates, and she constantly needs to show how strong she is.  However, when she comes face to face with Gretchen, Hazel starts to change.  She respects Gretchen, starting to see in her some of the same strengeth she has in herself.  Then, when running the race, Hazel notices Raymond, her mentally disabled younger brother, cheering her on and climbing the face.  She starts to see strength in him, too.  Suddenly, it does not matter so much to Hazel is she wins.  She even fantasies about leaving running behind and becoming Raymond's coach.  The result of the conflict is that Hazel is able to better appreciate people around her and to be comfortable with her own strength, not needing to "show off."

Describe and analyze the character of Bertha in "Bliss" by Katherine Mansfield.

This story is an example of how appearances can be deceiving - and how impressions and emotions can also be that way.  Bertha is a young housewife who imagines herself happy.  She is a comfortable home, a husband she respects, and friends that she enjoys.  She finds happiness in even the smallest things.  She imagines herself to be perfectly content.

However, Bertha allows the appearance of happiness to be deceiving to her own emotions.  Because she has the "perfect" household, she assumes she must be perfectly happy.  However, her marriage does not have passion and she is not close to either her daughter or those friends she so admires.  She doesn't really know what is going on beneath the surface.  She allows the picture to determine her gauge for her own feelings.

When she realizes that Harry is having an affair, the picture is shattered, and Bertha doesn't know what to do.  If she can't trust the picture - like the pear tree - to tell her that she is happy, how will she know if she is?

What is the page number where the father defines love in Cormac McCarthy's "The Road"?I only need the page number. Please help is really importamt!

I found the definition of love on page 49 of my copy. I am using the 2007 hardback edition of the book published by Alfred A. Knopf in New York.  Although page numbers may not be the same in different editions of the book, this is the best I can give you, since the book has no chapters.

It is actually not the father who defines love, but the mother. She tells the father what love is, and how it is the essential element which will make him keep enduring in the face of all odds. She tells him that, unless he has someone or something to love, there is no way he can even hope to survive. The conversation is related in a flashback, when the man remembers the woman's words relating her despair to him right before she apparently kills herself. The mother says,

"The one thing I can tell you is that you won't survive for yourself. I know because I would never have come this far. A person who had no one would be well advised to cobble together some passable ghost. Breathe it into being and coax it along with words of love. Offer it each phantom crumb and shield it from harm with your body".

How does Lee use language to convey the children’s opinion of the Radleys from pages 9-14?Discuss Harper Lee’s description of the Radley family...

In To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee
describes the Radley house as a place to be feared and a source of
punishment, and, together with the Dubose place, it is much like a hell
where naughty children go:

readability="6">

The Radley Place was inhabited by an
unknown entity the mere description of whom was enough to
make us behave for days on end; Mrs. Dubose was plain
hell.

The
place is characterized as a haunted house, where a ghost is thought to enact cruel deeds
at night:

readability="11">

Inside the house lived a
malevolent phantom. People said he existed, but Jem and I
had never seen him. People said he went out at night when the moon was down, and peeped
in windows. When people's azaleas froze in a cold snap, it was because he had breathed
on them. Any stealthy small crimes committed in Maycomb
were his work. Once the town was terrorized by a series of morbid
nocturnal events: people's chickens and household pets were found
mutilated;

The
house is also anti-family and anti-community.  The Radleys
keep to themselves and do not go to church.  They sound like some kind of cult.  Mr.
Radley carries strange, secretive things, all of which ironically
foreshadows what will happen later in the
novel:

The
misery of that house began many years before Jem and I were
born. The Radleys, welcome anywhere in town, kept to
themselves, a predilection unforgivable in Maycomb. They did not go to
church, Maycomb's principal recreation, but worshiped at
home; Mrs. Radley seldom if ever crossed the street for a mid-morning
coffee break with her neighbors, and certainly never joined a missionary circle. Mr.
Radley walked to town at eleven- thirty every morning and came back promptly at twelve,
is sometimes carrying a brown paper bag that the neighborhood assumed contained the
family groceries. I never knew how old Mr. Radley made his living-Jem said he "bought
cotton," a polite term for doing nothing-but Mr. Radley and his wife had lived there
with their two sons as long as anybody could
remember.

How does Lee use language to convey the children’s opinion of the Radleys from pages 9-14?Discuss Harper Lee’s description of the Radley family...

In To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee describes the Radley house as a place to be feared and a source of punishment, and, together with the Dubose place, it is much like a hell where naughty children go:

The Radley Place was inhabited by an unknown entity the mere description of whom was enough to make us behave for days on end; Mrs. Dubose was plain hell.

The place is characterized as a haunted house, where a ghost is thought to enact cruel deeds at night:

Inside the house lived a malevolent phantom. People said he existed, but Jem and I had never seen him. People said he went out at night when the moon was down, and peeped in windows. When people's azaleas froze in a cold snap, it was because he had breathed on them. Any stealthy small crimes committed in Maycomb were his work. Once the town was terrorized by a series of morbid nocturnal events: people's chickens and household pets were found mutilated;

The house is also anti-family and anti-community.  The Radleys keep to themselves and do not go to church.  They sound like some kind of cult.  Mr. Radley carries strange, secretive things, all of which ironically foreshadows what will happen later in the novel:

The misery of that house began many years before Jem and I were born. The Radleys, welcome anywhere in town, kept to themselves, a predilection unforgivable in Maycomb. They did not go to church, Maycomb's principal recreation, but worshiped at home; Mrs. Radley seldom if ever crossed the street for a mid-morning coffee break with her neighbors, and certainly never joined a missionary circle. Mr. Radley walked to town at eleven- thirty every morning and came back promptly at twelve, is sometimes carrying a brown paper bag that the neighborhood assumed contained the family groceries. I never knew how old Mr. Radley made his living-Jem said he "bought cotton," a polite term for doing nothing-but Mr. Radley and his wife had lived there with their two sons as long as anybody could remember.

In what ways is the Pyrumus and Thisbe play unsuitable for a wedding celebration? Are there other ways the play might be appropriate? Help me...

What might make the Pyramus and Thisbe play inappropriate for a wedding celebration is the fact that it is not a comedy.  It is a tragedy much like Romeo and Juliet.  Both Pyramus and Thisbe die in the play.  The fact that Theseus wants to see this play after his wedding celebration is ironic and humorous at the same time, particularly since the artisans bungle the play :-).  The play is appropriate because Pyramus and Thisbe's plight is very similar to Lysander and Hermia's.  Both couples are deeply in love and both face opposition from family members that threaten the success of their love.  If anything, the play provides a moral...that true love cannot be suppressed, but if it is, the consequences of doing so can be tragic.

In "Book Three: The Judges" of The Poisonwood Bible, why are Orleanna and Nathan fighting?

About 80 pages into the section, in a chapter narrated by
Ruth May, Orleanna and Nathan fight over the fact that some of the tribal elders are
saying that Rachel needs to be circumcised so that she won't be promiscuous later on in
her life,  "so she wouldn't want to run around with people's husbands."  This highly
controversial and brutal act of circumsizing females is often practiced in Africa, as a
way to stem the spread of AIDS, children out of wedlock, and promote male dominance. 
Nathan and Orleanna agree that it shouldn't be done, but Nathan ties it back to his
missionary work, and how he needs to teach the African people other ways so that they
don't lead "these female children like lambs to the slaughter."  Orleanna, at this
point, gets upset and accuses him of caring more for the African daughters than his own;
Mathan at this point is playing along with the tribal chief's request to have Rachel for
his wife.  Orleanna also doesn't like Axelroot hanging around Rachel and implores Nathan
to make him leave, but he concludes that Axelroot is better than the natives, and much
more safe.  Orleanna is so upset that she tears a sheet in
two.

That is the most specific instance of fighting that I
can find.  Throughout the entire book is the thread of Orleanna hating it there, being
worried about Ruth May's illness, and declaring outright that she wants to leave. She
stops supporting Nathan in his insane perspectives, and becomes a bit more independent,
which causes strife in the marriage.  I hope that those thoughts helped; good
luck!

In "Book Three: The Judges" of The Poisonwood Bible, why are Orleanna and Nathan fighting?

About 80 pages into the section, in a chapter narrated by Ruth May, Orleanna and Nathan fight over the fact that some of the tribal elders are saying that Rachel needs to be circumcised so that she won't be promiscuous later on in her life,  "so she wouldn't want to run around with people's husbands."  This highly controversial and brutal act of circumsizing females is often practiced in Africa, as a way to stem the spread of AIDS, children out of wedlock, and promote male dominance.  Nathan and Orleanna agree that it shouldn't be done, but Nathan ties it back to his missionary work, and how he needs to teach the African people other ways so that they don't lead "these female children like lambs to the slaughter."  Orleanna, at this point, gets upset and accuses him of caring more for the African daughters than his own; Mathan at this point is playing along with the tribal chief's request to have Rachel for his wife.  Orleanna also doesn't like Axelroot hanging around Rachel and implores Nathan to make him leave, but he concludes that Axelroot is better than the natives, and much more safe.  Orleanna is so upset that she tears a sheet in two.

That is the most specific instance of fighting that I can find.  Throughout the entire book is the thread of Orleanna hating it there, being worried about Ruth May's illness, and declaring outright that she wants to leave. She stops supporting Nathan in his insane perspectives, and becomes a bit more independent, which causes strife in the marriage.  I hope that those thoughts helped; good luck!

Can you please give 4 characteristics of Koly from Homeless Bird by Gloria Whelan?If you can, please list quotes or page numbers (preffered)....

Being able to deliver pages numbers is going to be
difficult because different versions of the book's printing exist.  Yet, I think that
there are some overall characteristics where textual support is abundant.  I would say
that Koly is devoted to her family.  She understands that while the marriage is not
something that she embraces joy nor about which there is excitement, it is something
that she has to do for her family.  Accordingly, I think that loyalty is a critical
element that Koly possesses.  She is loyal to her mother in law and the responsibilities
that being a daughter carries even though she is mistreated.  I would say that courage
is another trait, for when in Vrindavan, she makes the conscious choice to break free of
her former life and try a new state of being in the world.  Finally, I think that there
is a belief of redemption that is present in Koly's character makeup, as she is
convinced that her new life is something that will work, can work, and something worthy
of working out for her best.

Can you please give 4 characteristics of Koly from Homeless Bird by Gloria Whelan?If you can, please list quotes or page numbers (preffered)....

Being able to deliver pages numbers is going to be difficult because different versions of the book's printing exist.  Yet, I think that there are some overall characteristics where textual support is abundant.  I would say that Koly is devoted to her family.  She understands that while the marriage is not something that she embraces joy nor about which there is excitement, it is something that she has to do for her family.  Accordingly, I think that loyalty is a critical element that Koly possesses.  She is loyal to her mother in law and the responsibilities that being a daughter carries even though she is mistreated.  I would say that courage is another trait, for when in Vrindavan, she makes the conscious choice to break free of her former life and try a new state of being in the world.  Finally, I think that there is a belief of redemption that is present in Koly's character makeup, as she is convinced that her new life is something that will work, can work, and something worthy of working out for her best.

Describe feelings of 1. Putnams toward Proctor and Rebecca Nurse; 2. Proctor towards the Putnams and Parris; 3. Parris towards the...

The Putnams are a jealous, greedy, vindictive couple. They both have complaints about many of the people in the village. Mr. Putnam will later use his greed to get his daughter to "cry out" against his neighbors so he can get their land. Mrs. Putnam is jealous that Rebecaa Nurse has so many children and grandchildren when only one of her children survived.

Proctor feels Parris is interested only in money and the outward appearance of the church. He tells him he scares people because he preaches hellfire and brimstone every Sunday. Proctor says this is why he doesn't go to church. Proctor sees Mr. Putnam for the greedy man he is, but he can't prove it.

Parris is paranoid about how the congregation feels about him. He knows some of the people don't like him and would use any excuse to get rid of him. Later, Parris gets back at those people, such as Proctor and Giles Corey.

The witch trials becomes trials of revenge so people can get back at their neighbors who have given them a hard time before.

What are some examples of satire from Huck Finn directly relating to nobility?5 examples

As the first answer suggests, most of Twain's satire
regarding nobility relates to the Duke and King.  Here are a few specific
examples.

1. The King and the Duke are con artists by
profession, illustrating Twain's belief that "nobles" are simply normal people who are
able to convince others to respect them (usually through false pretenses) and to offer
them money or other goods.

2.  The King and the Duke prey
upon the ignorant just as nobility often tries to keep the lower class illiterate and
uninformed.  While the Wilkes girls are certainly not illiterate, they and their fellow
townspeople are naive and ignorant when it comes to other cultures and customs.  Because
of their ignorance, the "nobility" is able to once again take advantage of
them.

3. The Grangerfords and Shepherdsons represent the
closest thing to royalty or nobility that the American South possessed during the
pre-Civil War time period; and yet, they are some of the most uncivilized characters in
the book.  Twain uses them to show that "breeding" and social class do not equal
morality.  Both families act barbarically, resulting in an almost complete annihilation
of a family.

4.  The Grangerfords also serve as a satirical
attack upon nobility in that they own slaves, forcing Jim to hide from them as Huck
enjoys his time with Buck Grangerford. Instead of representing what is noble and good in
society, the Grangerfords continue to participate in the barbaric practice of
slavery.

5. In the end, when the Duke and the King get
their comeuppance, it is almost entirely because of a small child (Huck).  Twain seems
to be implying that nobility is not as infallible or untouchable as it thinks, and that
their abuse of power does not have to continue.

What are some examples of satire from Huck Finn directly relating to nobility?5 examples

As the first answer suggests, most of Twain's satire regarding nobility relates to the Duke and King.  Here are a few specific examples.

1. The King and the Duke are con artists by profession, illustrating Twain's belief that "nobles" are simply normal people who are able to convince others to respect them (usually through false pretenses) and to offer them money or other goods.

2.  The King and the Duke prey upon the ignorant just as nobility often tries to keep the lower class illiterate and uninformed.  While the Wilkes girls are certainly not illiterate, they and their fellow townspeople are naive and ignorant when it comes to other cultures and customs.  Because of their ignorance, the "nobility" is able to once again take advantage of them.

3. The Grangerfords and Shepherdsons represent the closest thing to royalty or nobility that the American South possessed during the pre-Civil War time period; and yet, they are some of the most uncivilized characters in the book.  Twain uses them to show that "breeding" and social class do not equal morality.  Both families act barbarically, resulting in an almost complete annihilation of a family.

4.  The Grangerfords also serve as a satirical attack upon nobility in that they own slaves, forcing Jim to hide from them as Huck enjoys his time with Buck Grangerford. Instead of representing what is noble and good in society, the Grangerfords continue to participate in the barbaric practice of slavery.

5. In the end, when the Duke and the King get their comeuppance, it is almost entirely because of a small child (Huck).  Twain seems to be implying that nobility is not as infallible or untouchable as it thinks, and that their abuse of power does not have to continue.

How does setting influence plot in "The Interlopers"?

In "The Interlopers", setting is critical to the plot.  Had the story taken place in a more urban, modernized setting, it would be much more difficult for the reader to believe that von Gradwitz and Znaeym could have found themselves in such a dire situation.  Because the two men are alone in the wilderness, they are able and willing to make peace with one another; had there been other people around or the story had taken place in a more comfortable environment, they would have maintained their hatred and anger.  Of course, the element of suspense and horror added by the approach of the wolves would have been negated in another setting.

In The Rising of the Moon, what is the theme of this play?

Interestingly, the author of this play wrote a number of plays featuring Irish peasants, but she herself insisted that these were not overtly political works, but the title refers to a popular Irish ballad where the "rising" of the moon refers to the "rising" of the powers in revolt, which contradicts her so-called peaceful intentions in writing this play. Clearly, this play acts as a pageant of all the sorrows that Ireland suffered thanks to English rule. Note the high number of traditional Irish ballads that are shared by the Ragged Man and the Sergeant. In particular, the play draws attention explicitly to one such song, where Granuaile, the old and suffering woman in the ballad, is a symbol of Ireland. The Ragged Man omits the last line of this song, which the Sergeant fills in for him: "Her gown she wore was stained with gore." Such an obvious reference to Irish martyrs and those who had shed blood as a result of resisting English rule certainly led to the authorities believing this was a subversive work.

Such a backdrop to this play highlights its theme of individual choice in response to political realities. The character of the Sergeant is key in this respect: as the moonlight impacts his character, he is forced to consider his identity as an officer in the pay of the English or an Irish sympathiser. The play suggests that there is no middle road, and you either stand with the oppressors or against them. The way in which the Sergeant is left by himself at the end of the play, puzzling over who he is, supports this theme of personal responsibility in the face of armed rule.

What is the climax of the story "Roll of Thunder, Hear my Cry"?

During the night, T.J. comes to the Logan children for help. After this incident, the action rises to its climax. The full climax of the novel is when Harlan Granger tells the men who are about to lynch T.J. to get off his land... they continue the arguing and the angry mob becomes worse. Mr. Logan, however, hears the roll of thunder in the distance and takes advantage of this summer storm to make this awful situation end. He sets fire to his own field, blaming it on the lightening. This act propels all the angry men, the children and the women into action working TOGETHER for the greater good of them all.

What is "Everyday Use" saying about the two alternative paths of life the two daughters face? What about family heritage and tradition?no

Dee and Maggie definitely take two alternate routes, although not by choice.  Maggie has been damaged in a fire which the speaker hints that Dee may have set.  Because of this, Maggie is not as outgoing, confident, or attractive physically as Dee.  She remains home and learns all the "homeschooling" that young ladies typically learned during this time--cooking, quilting, sewing, making butter.  Many of these skills she learned from her grandmother who has passed on.  While Maggie is not educated as Dee is, she is engaged to be married and has been promised her grandmother's quilts as part of her dowry.  She is very in touch with her heritage and knows the story behind every quilt, piece of handmade furniture, and family member.

Dee, on the other hand, is gorgeous, selfish, pretentious, and consumed with Africa. She is condescending to her mom and Maggie because they are ignorant country people who know nothing of their "heritage"...meaning Africa.  She comes waltzing in from college dressed in brightly-colored African costume, and accompanied by her male friend who thinks the way she does. She treats her family as if they know nothing about the value of the family's quilts, the butterchurn, etc.  She says it's horrible that Maggie will use these items for "everyday use" when they are valuable antiques.  She accuses her family of not being in touch with their heritage when she is the one who can not cook, quilt, sew, or make butter.

In chapter 6 of "The Great Gatby," what is Gatsby giving up when he kisses Daisy and why?

The kiss between Gatsby and Daisy five years before is described in biblical, even metaphysical terms. We are told that Gatsby knows that when he kisses Daisy, and "forever wed[s] his unutterable visions to her perishable breath, his mind would never romp again like the mind of God. . . . Then he kisse[s] her. At his lips' touch she blossom[s] for him like a flower and the incarnation [is] complete."

There is a sense that Gatsby makes some sort of sacrifice to be in love with Daisy. His dreams are so great that they are unearthly, but Daisy is grounded in the real world, like a flower. Though she is lovely, she will turn his mind away from being a "son of God" who "sprang from his Platonic conception of himself." It seems that, by falling for Daisy, Gatsby has placed his trust and hope in the wrong thing.

How is "Dover Beach" an example of Victorian writing?

What's Victorian in "Dover Beach" is, of course, the sense of spiritual loss and doubt. However, in addition to those, several things make this Victorian. First, the mix of continuity and failure. By that I mean, Victoria was on the throne for a long time; this creates a sense of continuity. However, many of the institutions of British society are failing or changing. Second, the re-use of classical references to new ends, such as commenting on Arnold's own society. Third, Arnold's own poetic theories. Arnold argued for higher culture as a way to replace the lost faith he comments on in the poem. The poem itself is exchanged between two people who stand apart from the place "where ignorant armies clash by night," much as the bastions of higher culture must do for the ignorant clashes of mass culture."

In Chapters 10 and 16 of Great Expectations, what 2 items from Pip's past mysteriously reappear?

In Ch.10 it is the file and in
Ch.16 it is the leg-iron.

In
Ch.10 Pip and Joe go to the pub "the Jolly Bargemen." There they meet a stranger talking
to Mr.Wopsle who

readability="8">

was a secret-looking man whom [Pip] had never
seen before. His head was all on one side, and one of his eyes was half shut up, as if
he were taking aim at something with an invisible
gun.

The stranger ordered
three glasses of rum for himself and Joe and Wopsle. When the drinks arrived the
stranger in a pointed manner stirred his glass of rum and water not with a spoon but
with a file  to communicate to Pip that he was an acquaintance of Magwitch to whom he
had given the same file:

readability="13">

he stirred it and he tasted it: not with a spoon
that was brought to him, but with a
file.

He did this so that nobody
but I saw the file; and when he had done it he wiped the file and put it in a
breast-pocket. I knew it to be Joe's file, and I knew that he knew my convict, the
moment I saw the instrument. I sat gazing at him,
spell-bound.

The stranger
departs after having rewarded Pip with a shilling and two one pound
notes.

In Ch.16 Mrs.Joe Gargery has been found knocked
unconscious and the police have arrived at the crime scene to investigate . Joe and Pip
have just returned from the pub. Every one is clueless as to the identity of the
assailant. However, the instrument of the crime is lying close to Mrs.
Joe:

But,
there was one remarkable piece of evidence on the spot. She had been struck with
something blunt and heavy, on the head and spine; after the blows were dealt, something
heavy had been thrown down at her with considerable violence, as she lay on her face.
And on the ground beside her, when Joe picked her up, was a
convict's leg-iron which had been filed
asunder.

Pip
recognizes immediately that it is the same leg-iron of Magwitch's. He is bewildered but
is certain that Magwitch would not have attacked his sister. He is convinced that it is
either Orlick or Compeyson the other convict:

readability="12">

I believed the iron to be my convict's iron --
the iron I had seen and heard him filing at, on the marshes -- but my mind did not
accuse him of having put it to its latest use. For, I believed one of two other persons
to have become possessed of it, and to have turned it to this cruel account. Either
Orlick, or the strange man who had shown me the
file.

In Chapters 10 and 16 of Great Expectations, what 2 items from Pip's past mysteriously reappear?

In Ch.10 it is the file and in Ch.16 it is the leg-iron.

In Ch.10 Pip and Joe go to the pub "the Jolly Bargemen." There they meet a stranger talking to Mr.Wopsle who

was a secret-looking man whom [Pip] had never seen before. His head was all on one side, and one of his eyes was half shut up, as if he were taking aim at something with an invisible gun.

The stranger ordered three glasses of rum for himself and Joe and Wopsle. When the drinks arrived the stranger in a pointed manner stirred his glass of rum and water not with a spoon but with a file  to communicate to Pip that he was an acquaintance of Magwitch to whom he had given the same file:

he stirred it and he tasted it: not with a spoon that was brought to him, but with a file.

He did this so that nobody but I saw the file; and when he had done it he wiped the file and put it in a breast-pocket. I knew it to be Joe's file, and I knew that he knew my convict, the moment I saw the instrument. I sat gazing at him, spell-bound.

The stranger departs after having rewarded Pip with a shilling and two one pound notes.

In Ch.16 Mrs.Joe Gargery has been found knocked unconscious and the police have arrived at the crime scene to investigate . Joe and Pip have just returned from the pub. Every one is clueless as to the identity of the assailant. However, the instrument of the crime is lying close to Mrs. Joe:

But, there was one remarkable piece of evidence on the spot. She had been struck with something blunt and heavy, on the head and spine; after the blows were dealt, something heavy had been thrown down at her with considerable violence, as she lay on her face. And on the ground beside her, when Joe picked her up, was a convict's leg-iron which had been filed asunder.

Pip recognizes immediately that it is the same leg-iron of Magwitch's. He is bewildered but is certain that Magwitch would not have attacked his sister. He is convinced that it is either Orlick or Compeyson the other convict:

I believed the iron to be my convict's iron -- the iron I had seen and heard him filing at, on the marshes -- but my mind did not accuse him of having put it to its latest use. For, I believed one of two other persons to have become possessed of it, and to have turned it to this cruel account. Either Orlick, or the strange man who had shown me the file.

How does Orwell separate his thoughts from those of the narrator's? Cite two sentences that separate his comments from the narrator.

Orwell wrote this story predominantly in the past tense. However, in two instances, text is written in the present tense:

• ...a story always sounds clear enough at a distance, but the nearer you get to the scene of events the vaguer it becomes.
• Never tell me, by the way, that the dead look peaceful. Most of the corpses I have seen looked devilish.

These comments may appear to be cases where Orwell inserts his own thoughts into the story. But that is not what they are. Instead, these statements are the narrator's opinion today of events that happened in the past. They are called asides. Usually used in plays, asides are

speech, directed to the audience, that is not supposed to be heard by other actors on stage. An aside is usually used to let the audience know what a character is about to do or what he or she is thinking....Asides are important because they increase an audience's involvement in a play by giving them vital information pertaining what is happening, both inside of a character's mind and in the plot of the play.

The narrator is telling the story many years after the events happened. With these statements, he's interrupting his story to say what he thinks about a certain situation. In the first sentence, the narrator is telling us that his memory of what happened is not so fresh. In the second, he is giving his present thoughts on having seen the dead body in the past.

In To Kill a Mockingbird, what is Walter Cunningham like? What does his behavior during lunch suggest about his home life?

Walter Cunningham is one of Scout's classmates in first grade. On their first day of school, Miss Caroline, the teacher, offers him some money to buy lunch and then to pay her back the next day. Walter refuses, so Scout deems it necessary to explain to the teacher the following about the Cunninghams:

"The Cunninghams never took anything they can't pay back--no church baskets and no scrip stamps. They never took anything off of anybody, they get along on what they have. They don't have much, but they get along on it" (20).

Thus, Walter was honoring his family by not taking the money for lunch. But when he's invited to someone's house for dinner, that's an invitation that a guest does not have to repay, so he goes to Jem and Scout's.

The guest-host relationship is a non-verbal understanding that whatever a guest asks for, the guest gets without any complaining from the host. Atticus and Jem know that, but it's apparent when Scout objects to Walter's drowning vegetables in syrup that she does not know this. While Calpurnia sets Scout straight in the kitchen, and teaches her to be a better host, Walter enjoys those vegetables because that's probably the only time he gets to taste sugar. His family probably never buys candy or syrup because those things are luxuries. Walter must have known that the Finches were well enough off to ask for syrup and whether or not he knew that it didn't go on vegetables doesn't matter. The fact is, the boy lives without so much, and he was probably so hungry, that it doesn't matter what you eat when you're hungry. In fact, when someone is hungry, anything looks good to eat--drowned in syrup or not!

What motivates Montag, Clarisse, Mildred, Beatty, and Faber in the novel Fahrenheit 451?Please give me a quotation from the story that illustrates...

Fahrenheit 451 is a wonderful book,
and anything I can do to help you better understand it would be my
pleasure.

Your question deals with motivation, which in
essences asks "why do the people in the book do what they do."  I take it that you are
asking from a general standpoint, and not in relation to any particular part of the
book.  As such, let's take a
look.

1. Montag --
   What motivates this guy?  That's a difficult question to answer because Montag is the
   character who undergoes the most changes in the book.  What motivates him at the
   beginning, middle, and end changes.  Generally, if I had to put my opinion in, I would
   say that Montag is motivated by "truth."  His character has an inquiring mind, even if
   it is slow to get moving, and his actions in the story seem to be based around "getting
   to the bottom" of why books are banned and whether the life they are living is a proper
   one.  I like this as a quote about Montag: "You're not
   like the others. I've seen a few; I know. When I talk, you look at
   me. When I said something about the moon, you looked at the moon,
   last night. The others would never do that. The others would walk off and leave me
   talking. Or threaten me. No one has time any more for anyone
   else. You're one of the few who put up with me. That's why I think
   it's so strange you're a fireman, it just doesn't seem right for you,
   somehow."


2. Clarisse
   -- Clarisse would appear to be motivated by beauty, creativity, and an inquisitive
   nature.  She desires freedom of thought and expression and her lifestyle revolves around
   that.  As a quote about her, this is a good one: "She didn't want to know how
   a thing was done, but why. That can be embarrassing. You ask
   Why to a lot of things and you wind up very
   unhappy indeed, if you keep at it. The poor girl's better off
   dead."


3. Mildred --
   The character of Mildred is motivated to maintain the "status quo."  She
   likes the life she has (at least that is what she says...her subconscious may be saying
   otherwise) and doesn't like her husband rocking the boat.  At least on the dominant
   level, she wants things to keep going the way they are.  Here is a good quote for
   her...it isn't about her, but it is something she says that sums up
   her character pretty well: "She's nothing to me; she shouldn't have had books.
   It was her responsibility, she should have thought of that. I hate her. She's got you
   going and next thing you know we'll be out, no house, no job,
   nothing."


4. Beatty --
   Beatty is probably the most complex character in the book.  Like Faber,
   he is "ideologically motivated."  He does what he does in the book because he believes
   it serves a greater cause (in Beatty's case, he feels it is for the good of society.)
    Here is a quote from him that shows you what he is like: "She didn't want to
   know how a thing was done, but why. That can be embarrassing. You ask Why to a lot of
   things and you wind up very unhappy indeed, if you keep at it. The poor girl's better
   off dead." Incidentally, this quote also tells you more about Clarisse as
   well.


5. Faber --
   Faber, like Beatty, is motivated by ideology.  In his case, though, it is the idea of
   preserving knowledge contrary to the cultural norm. He is motivated by the love of
   knowledge and a feeling that the current social situation is wrong.  Unfortunately, he
   is also afraid: "So few want to be rebels anymore. And out of those few, most,
   like myself, scare
   easily."
   

Like all good
characters, this is just a quick sum-up of their
motivations.

What motivates Montag, Clarisse, Mildred, Beatty, and Faber in the novel Fahrenheit 451?Please give me a quotation from the story that illustrates...

Fahrenheit 451 is a wonderful book, and anything I can do to help you better understand it would be my pleasure.

Your question deals with motivation, which in essences asks "why do the people in the book do what they do."  I take it that you are asking from a general standpoint, and not in relation to any particular part of the book.  As such, let's take a look.

1. Montag -- What motivates this guy?  That's a difficult question to answer because Montag is the character who undergoes the most changes in the book.  What motivates him at the beginning, middle, and end changes.  Generally, if I had to put my opinion in, I would say that Montag is motivated by "truth."  His character has an inquiring mind, even if it is slow to get moving, and his actions in the story seem to be based around "getting to the bottom" of why books are banned and whether the life they are living is a proper one.  I like this as a quote about Montag: "You're not like the others. I've seen a few; I know. When I talk, you look at me. When I said something about the moon, you looked at the moon, last night. The others would never do that. The others would walk off and leave me talking. Or threaten me. No one has time any more for anyone else. You're one of the few who put up with me. That's why I think it's so strange you're a fireman, it just doesn't seem right for you, somehow."


2. Clarisse -- Clarisse would appear to be motivated by beauty, creativity, and an inquisitive nature.  She desires freedom of thought and expression and her lifestyle revolves around that.  As a quote about her, this is a good one: "She didn't want to know how a thing was done, but why. That can be embarrassing. You ask Why to a lot of things and you wind up very unhappy indeed, if you keep at it. The poor girl's better off dead."


3. Mildred -- The character of Mildred is motivated to maintain the "status quo."  She likes the life she has (at least that is what she says...her subconscious may be saying otherwise) and doesn't like her husband rocking the boat.  At least on the dominant level, she wants things to keep going the way they are.  Here is a good quote for her...it isn't about her, but it is something she says that sums up her character pretty well: "She's nothing to me; she shouldn't have had books. It was her responsibility, she should have thought of that. I hate her. She's got you going and next thing you know we'll be out, no house, no job, nothing."


4. Beatty -- Beatty is probably the most complex character in the book.  Like Faber, he is "ideologically motivated."  He does what he does in the book because he believes it serves a greater cause (in Beatty's case, he feels it is for the good of society.)  Here is a quote from him that shows you what he is like: "She didn't want to know how a thing was done, but why. That can be embarrassing. You ask Why to a lot of things and you wind up very unhappy indeed, if you keep at it. The poor girl's better off dead." Incidentally, this quote also tells you more about Clarisse as well.


5. Faber -- Faber, like Beatty, is motivated by ideology.  In his case, though, it is the idea of preserving knowledge contrary to the cultural norm. He is motivated by the love of knowledge and a feeling that the current social situation is wrong.  Unfortunately, he is also afraid: "So few want to be rebels anymore. And out of those few, most, like myself, scare easily."
   

Like all good characters, this is just a quick sum-up of their motivations.

I need a summary of Chapters 9-12 of "The Devil's Arithmetic."Thankx. I have a book report^^__^^

In Chapter 9, the Nazis have arrived and the Jews of the village have been ordered to go with them in trucks.  The villagers discuss their options among themselves ;  Hannah, or Chaya, tries to tell them what is going to happen but no one believes her.  Realizing that ultimately they have no choice, they board the waiting vehicles, carrying their children and a few belongings with them.

In Chapter 10, the trucks arrive at a train station.  The Jews are forced to leave their belongings and lie down while they are beaten and their jewelry and papers are confiscated.  They are then loaded into boxcars and travel for many days in stifling conditions, without food, little water, and no room to move.  The Rabbi tries to encourage them by reminding them that they are in God's hands.  Many die along the way.

After four days, the train reaches its destination in Chapter 11. The Jews are taken off the boxcars, their clothes are taken, and their hair is shorn.  Hannah cries, but Gitl, who encourages everyone to endure with strength, makes her promise never to cry again before "these monsters".

The inhumane processing of the Jews continues in Chapter 12.  After being given clothing from a ragged, soiled pile, the Jews have identification numbers tattooed on their arms and are taken to a barracks where they sleep on shelves like corpses. 

In "The Shawl" by Cynthia Ozick, describe the horror in the story.

“Then Stella
took the shawl away and made Magda
die.”

The horrors found in
“The Shawl” by Cynthia Ozick culminate in man’s inhumanity to man. During World War II,
the Nazis removed people from their homes and possessions.  Many times, they also took
their lives, particularly if the family were Jewish. Usually, the family was initially
placed in a concentration camp far from their
countries.

The characters in this story include a trio of
females--Rosa, the older girl; her baby, Magda; and Stella, Rosa’s fourteen year old
niece—who have walked a long way from their home in a cold march toward the destination
of a concentration camp. 

Normally, Magda would have
already been killed.  The Nazis immediately killed all small babies; however, Rosa hid
her baby in a large shawl that she wore over her shoulder.  From the shawl, Rosa could
feed Magda and allow the baby to sleep without being
noticed.

Horror abounds in the story. 

The beginning of the
terror

Rosa’s milk dries up, and she teaches
Magda to suck on the corners of the shawl for comfort. No one touches the shawl but
Magda and her mother.

Rosa often saw Stella staring at
Magda as though she would like to kill her and eat her
thighs.

Rosa kept Magda alive for fifteen months in the
barracks. 

Magda learns to walk; Rosa knew then that Magda
did not have long to live.

Stella constantly complained
about hunger.  Stella’s heart was cold as well as her
body. 

Finally, Stella steals Magda’s shawl without Rosa’s
knowledge.

The final
terror

Looking for her shawl, Magda goes outside
into the area where the Nazi soldiers can see her.  Rosa heard Magda for the first time
yell out:

readability="5">

‘Maaaaaaa---‘ and again
‘Maaaaaa…aaa!’

Rosa hurries
into the  barracks looking for the shawl to lure Magda back inside.  Stella was sleeping
under Magda’s shawl. Rosa jerks it off and runs to the door to show
Magda. 

Rosa comes out into the open air.  The ironic
vision she sees through the electrified fence is flowers, butterflies.  She could hear
the hum of the electricity going through the fence. 

Magda
was slung over a soldier’s shoulder with her arms held out toward her mother.  The
soldier was taking Magda in the other direction.  Rosa could see a glimmer of light
reflecting off of the soldier’s helmet that carried her baby. She could hear Magda’s
cries: Maaamaa.

The black uniformed soldier continues
walking down past twelve barracks. Rosa could barely see Magda now. Without warning, the
soldier flung Magda up into the air.  To Rosa, she looked like a butterfly.  She could
see her feathered blonde hair and ballooned stomach as it sprawled out and crashed into
the fence. 

The sounds of the electric fence went crazy as
the fence burned the flesh of the baby.  When she could see Magda’s  body again, it was
just burned sticks. Rosa wanted to go and pick up her
baby. 

In her heart, she knew that the soldiers would shoot
and kill her.  She stuffed Magda’s shawl in her mouth preventing the screams in her
throat from emerging. Rosa sucked on the shawl tasting Magda and drinking up the juices
of her child.

The mother must now live forever with the
horrific vision of seeing her child electrocuted.   Her niece began the end of Magda. 
How would she ever forgive Stella?

The Nazis exemplified
the motif: man in certain circumstances is capable of treating his fellow man with
extreme cruelty and evil.   With no feeling at all, a mother loses her beloved child
forever.  

In "The Shawl" by Cynthia Ozick, describe the horror in the story.

“Then Stella took the shawl away and made Magda die.”

The horrors found in “The Shawl” by Cynthia Ozick culminate in man’s inhumanity to man. During World War II, the Nazis removed people from their homes and possessions.  Many times, they also took their lives, particularly if the family were Jewish. Usually, the family was initially placed in a concentration camp far from their countries.

The characters in this story include a trio of females--Rosa, the older girl; her baby, Magda; and Stella, Rosa’s fourteen year old niece—who have walked a long way from their home in a cold march toward the destination of a concentration camp. 

Normally, Magda would have already been killed.  The Nazis immediately killed all small babies; however, Rosa hid her baby in a large shawl that she wore over her shoulder.  From the shawl, Rosa could feed Magda and allow the baby to sleep without being noticed.

Horror abounds in the story. 

The beginning of the terror

Rosa’s milk dries up, and she teaches Magda to suck on the corners of the shawl for comfort. No one touches the shawl but Magda and her mother.

Rosa often saw Stella staring at Magda as though she would like to kill her and eat her thighs.

Rosa kept Magda alive for fifteen months in the barracks. 

Magda learns to walk; Rosa knew then that Magda did not have long to live.

Stella constantly complained about hunger.  Stella’s heart was cold as well as her body. 

Finally, Stella steals Magda’s shawl without Rosa’s knowledge.

The final terror

Looking for her shawl, Magda goes outside into the area where the Nazi soldiers can see her.  Rosa heard Magda for the first time yell out:

‘Maaaaaaa---‘ and again ‘Maaaaaa…aaa!’

Rosa hurries into the  barracks looking for the shawl to lure Magda back inside.  Stella was sleeping under Magda’s shawl. Rosa jerks it off and runs to the door to show Magda. 

Rosa comes out into the open air.  The ironic vision she sees through the electrified fence is flowers, butterflies.  She could hear the hum of the electricity going through the fence. 

Magda was slung over a soldier’s shoulder with her arms held out toward her mother.  The soldier was taking Magda in the other direction.  Rosa could see a glimmer of light reflecting off of the soldier’s helmet that carried her baby. She could hear Magda’s cries: Maaamaa.

The black uniformed soldier continues walking down past twelve barracks. Rosa could barely see Magda now. Without warning, the soldier flung Magda up into the air.  To Rosa, she looked like a butterfly.  She could see her feathered blonde hair and ballooned stomach as it sprawled out and crashed into the fence. 

The sounds of the electric fence went crazy as the fence burned the flesh of the baby.  When she could see Magda’s  body again, it was just burned sticks. Rosa wanted to go and pick up her baby. 

In her heart, she knew that the soldiers would shoot and kill her.  She stuffed Magda’s shawl in her mouth preventing the screams in her throat from emerging. Rosa sucked on the shawl tasting Magda and drinking up the juices of her child.

The mother must now live forever with the horrific vision of seeing her child electrocuted.   Her niece began the end of Magda.  How would she ever forgive Stella?

The Nazis exemplified the motif: man in certain circumstances is capable of treating his fellow man with extreme cruelty and evil.   With no feeling at all, a mother loses her beloved child forever.  

Do other planets have auroras like we have on earth such as the "Aurora Australialis"?

The Auroras on Earth are caused by particles streaming from the Sun, interacting with Earth's magnetic field, which concentrates these energetic particles (ions), which in turn interact with the atmosphere to cause a glow.  So to have Auroras like Earth, a planet, or any other solar body, as a prerequisite, would have to have a magnetic field, an atmosphere, and a source of particles. How strong the magnetic field, how dense the atmosphere, and how proximal to the Sun would all factor into how brilliant or dim a light display would be. These factors dismiss almost all of the four Terrestrial Planets except Earth; Mercury has a very weak magnetic field (only 1% of Earth's), Venus has no field, and Mars doesn't have global activity, but weak, localized magnetic patches around the planet. Now the four Jovian Planets all have strong magnetic fields; but are more distal to the Sun; if we assume the Sun is the preponderant supplier of particles, then they may not have enough of a particle source to induce a glow. However, although they receive less solar radiation, there may be more energetic cosmic radiation that reaches them, and that may be enough to induce something like an Aurora.  What actually exists, we won't know until we get there! 

In Chapter 4, how does Crooks' attitude change after the encounter with Curley's wife? Why do you think it changes?

Specifically, in chapter four of Of Mice and
Men, Curley's wife threatens Crook with her ability to tell white men that
he, a black man, did something sexually to her.  It isn't directly stated as such, but
it is definitely implied.

Crooks stands up to her and is
immediately put back in his place by her.  She
says:

She
turned on him in scorn.  "Listen, Nigger," she said.  "You know what I can do to you if
you open your trap?"

And
again:

She
closed on him.  "You know what I could
do?"

Crooks
reacts:

Crooks
seemed to grow smaller, and he pressed himself against the wall.  "Yes,
ma'am."

And she finishes him
off:

"Well,
you keep your place then, Nigger.  I could get you strung up on a tree so easy it ain't
even funny."

Her use of the
perjorative that ignorant whites use for blacks, and her reference to lynching, makes
her meaning clear--all she has to do is say Crooks tried something sexual with her, and
he would be hanged.  He is, figuratively speaking, put back into the place society keeps
him in.

In Chapter 4, how does Crooks' attitude change after the encounter with Curley's wife? Why do you think it changes?

Specifically, in chapter four of Of Mice and Men, Curley's wife threatens Crook with her ability to tell white men that he, a black man, did something sexually to her.  It isn't directly stated as such, but it is definitely implied.

Crooks stands up to her and is immediately put back in his place by her.  She says:

She turned on him in scorn.  "Listen, Nigger," she said.  "You know what I can do to you if you open your trap?"

And again:

She closed on him.  "You know what I could do?"

Crooks reacts:

Crooks seemed to grow smaller, and he pressed himself against the wall.  "Yes, ma'am."

And she finishes him off:

"Well, you keep your place then, Nigger.  I could get you strung up on a tree so easy it ain't even funny."

Her use of the perjorative that ignorant whites use for blacks, and her reference to lynching, makes her meaning clear--all she has to do is say Crooks tried something sexual with her, and he would be hanged.  He is, figuratively speaking, put back into the place society keeps him in.

I need summaries for Chapters 5,6,7,8, and 9 of "Buried Onions" please.

In Chapter 5, Eddie, trying to escape Samuel and his band of cholitos, runs to his nina's house.  His nina asks him to take her dog Queenie to the pound to be put to sleep.  Eddie keeps half the money she sends him with as a donation; he needs the money to survive.  He goes to the hospital to see Jose, and finds Angel there too.  Eddie wants to get away from Fresno.

Eddie goes to Coach for help in Chapter 6.  At Coach's suggestion, Eddie visits a Navy recruiter.  Coach calls Mr. Stiles and vouches for Eddie's good character, and says Mr. Stiles wants Eddie to come back and work for him.  When Eddie goes back, he finds he has been set up.  The cops come for him, suspecting him of beating an old man at a Laundromat.

In Chapter 7, Eddie, who is innocent, is released after questioning, and Mr. Stiles apologizes.  Jose is released from the hospital, and Jose and Eddie go fishing at the river with Coach.

In Chapter 8, Eddie, who believes Angel killed his cousin Jesus, goes to Angel's house and a fight ensues.  Samuel is there and helps Angel fight Eddie.  Later, Angel and Eddie run into each other at the hospital, and fight again.

Seeing the Navy as his only way of escaping Fresno, Eddie joins up in Chapter 9.  On the drive to Lemoore Naval Air Station, the recruits' van stalls.  As they wait for help, Eddie sees men gleaning onions from harvested fields to sell.  He weeps when they hand him two onions, then stops and says goodbye to his childhood of sorrows.

I am writing a Research paper about the Swine flu and I have all the information I need but I can not figure out how to write the introduction.I...

In addition to starting broadly and narrowing down to your
thesis, another common way to begin an essay of the sort you describe is to start with
something opposite of what you're writing about, or, to rephrase and explain, to start
with something similar yet different.

In your case, you
could start with the traditional flu.  If you know the history, symptoms, and treatment
of traditional flue, you can start with them, then lead into the swine
flu.

Another option is to start with the common cold.  This
would be particularly relevant, since people seem to struggle with the ability, or
inability, to tell the difference.  This is vital because a cold doesn't usually require
a doctor's visit or hospitalization, while the swine flu
might. 

Starting with something similar yet different, can
be a way to naturally introduce your topic and thesis.

I am writing a Research paper about the Swine flu and I have all the information I need but I can not figure out how to write the introduction.I...

In addition to starting broadly and narrowing down to your thesis, another common way to begin an essay of the sort you describe is to start with something opposite of what you're writing about, or, to rephrase and explain, to start with something similar yet different.

In your case, you could start with the traditional flu.  If you know the history, symptoms, and treatment of traditional flue, you can start with them, then lead into the swine flu.

Another option is to start with the common cold.  This would be particularly relevant, since people seem to struggle with the ability, or inability, to tell the difference.  This is vital because a cold doesn't usually require a doctor's visit or hospitalization, while the swine flu might. 

Starting with something similar yet different, can be a way to naturally introduce your topic and thesis.

How old were Romeo and Juliet when they died? Did they marry?

In Act 1, Scene 2, Paris asks Lord Capulet for Juliet's hand in marriage. Though Capulet would obviously see the benefits of such a match, he feels Juliet is too young to marry. He tells Paris:

My child is yet a stranger in the world,

She hath not seen the change of fourteen years;

Let two more summers wither in their pride

Ere we may think her ripe to be a bride.

Juliet has not reached that fourteenth year, so this tells us she is thirteen years old. As for Romeo, there is no concrete reference in the text to his age. There are vague references to his youth, such as the one in Act 2, Scene 4, where the Nurse asks, "Gentleman, can any of you tell me where I may find the young Romeo?" These vague references have led many to put his age somewhere around fifteen or sixteen, though at least one source gave him an age as high as early twenties. Whatever the case, the lack of textual evidence means numbers can only fall in the realm of speculation.

As for the question of marriage, Romeo and Juliet were indeed married. In Act 2, Scene 5, the Nurse returns to Juliet to tell her of Romeo's intentions. After begging the Nurse for her news, Juliet finally gets her to speak:

Have you got leave to go to shrift to-day?....

Then hie you hence to Friar Laurence’s cell;

There stays a husband to make you a wife.

This scene ends shortly after these lines, and in Scene 6 the two young lovers meet in secret to be married by Friar Laurence. The Friar agrees to marry them because he thinks it might finally end the feud between their families. The fact that Romeo and Juliet are secretly married is what causes Juliet such turmoil when she learns her father has chosen Paris to be her husband. Aside from not wanting to marry someone she doesn't love, marrying a man when she is already married would be a grave sin. However, she also can't reject Paris after her father already agreed to the suit and both of her parents are pushing her into it. This dilemma is what sends her running back to the Friar to ask for help, claiming she will kill herself if he doesn't come up with a plan to get her out of marrying Paris. It is at this point that the Friar gives Juliet the potion to make her appear dead. The formation of this plan causes the final tragic moments of the play.

How will the "Great Leap Forward" affect the people in China and Chinese communism in the long term?

Mao  launched the Great Leap Forward, an economic and
social campaign, in 1958, that aimed to industrialise China and transform it from a
backward, agrarian country to a modern nation. A policy of rapid industrialisation and
collectivisation was advocated, large amounts of funds were used to construct huge state
enterprises for steel production, peasants were encouraged to establish small-scale
backyard furnaces to produce iron and steel, and communist organisations, known as the
“People’s Communes”, were set up, where private ownership was abolished. Wooden doors
and windows were burned to fuel the fires in the furnaces and domestic household items
melted to produce metal. This was a huge waste of resources as the steel produced was
often of low-quality and thus could not be used in industrial activities. Residents of
the communes not only had to work together, they also ate together at  canteen. The
communes soon ran out of food and faced with a lack of food reserves, large-scale
famines occurred. Agricultural innovation, as advocated by Mao, also did not drastically
raise grain production. In fact, policies, such as close-cropping, only lowered
production rates. State officials, afraid of being punished, provided the central
authorities with fabricated statistics that painted a rosy picture. As a result, the
government took away more grain from the communes, which were exported to support poorer
communist states, while Chinese starved to death. The campaign was a disaster of
unprecedented proportions, resulting in a great famine that destroyed 30-40% of houses
in China saw more than 30 million people dead at the end of it. Mao’s reputation
declined and he was forced to cede the presidency to Liu Shaoqi and Deng Xiaoping, who
rose in power within the Communist Party, which led to a change in policy
direction.

How will the "Great Leap Forward" affect the people in China and Chinese communism in the long term?

Mao  launched the Great Leap Forward, an economic and social campaign, in 1958, that aimed to industrialise China and transform it from a backward, agrarian country to a modern nation. A policy of rapid industrialisation and collectivisation was advocated, large amounts of funds were used to construct huge state enterprises for steel production, peasants were encouraged to establish small-scale backyard furnaces to produce iron and steel, and communist organisations, known as the “People’s Communes”, were set up, where private ownership was abolished. Wooden doors and windows were burned to fuel the fires in the furnaces and domestic household items melted to produce metal. This was a huge waste of resources as the steel produced was often of low-quality and thus could not be used in industrial activities. Residents of the communes not only had to work together, they also ate together at  canteen. The communes soon ran out of food and faced with a lack of food reserves, large-scale famines occurred. Agricultural innovation, as advocated by Mao, also did not drastically raise grain production. In fact, policies, such as close-cropping, only lowered production rates. State officials, afraid of being punished, provided the central authorities with fabricated statistics that painted a rosy picture. As a result, the government took away more grain from the communes, which were exported to support poorer communist states, while Chinese starved to death. The campaign was a disaster of unprecedented proportions, resulting in a great famine that destroyed 30-40% of houses in China saw more than 30 million people dead at the end of it. Mao’s reputation declined and he was forced to cede the presidency to Liu Shaoqi and Deng Xiaoping, who rose in power within the Communist Party, which led to a change in policy direction.

Analyze "The Lady of Shalott" as a representative Tennysonian poem.with reference to the MUSICAL QUALITY, MELODY, SYMBOLISM, WOMAN QUESTION

"The Lady of Shalott" is an early Tennyson poem, and as
such is still very much romantic in nature.  The beautiful natural imagery of the area
around Shalott is idealized, as is Lancelot.  The Lady herself, of course, is
imprisoned in a tower in need of rescuing, also.  Nature and
medieval allusions and symbolism mark this as from Tennyson's early works, and
demonstrate the early influence of Romanticism on the
Victorians.

More importantly, the work concerns the
creative process and the isolation of artists--something Tennyson is often concerned
with.  The Lady doesn't live life, she only interprets it through the mirror images she
sees.  She is separate from experience--dangerous for an
artist.

In the fictional world of this ballad, the Lady
must die before she gets to Camelot.  Why?  Because reality can never live up to
fantasy.  The fantasy is always better.  Thus, artists must be careful of separating
themselves from society.  

The imagery, symbols, and ideas
or themes connect this to other works by Tennyson.

Analyze "The Lady of Shalott" as a representative Tennysonian poem.with reference to the MUSICAL QUALITY, MELODY, SYMBOLISM, WOMAN QUESTION

"The Lady of Shalott" is an early Tennyson poem, and as such is still very much romantic in nature.  The beautiful natural imagery of the area around Shalott is idealized, as is Lancelot.  The Lady herself, of course, is imprisoned in a tower in need of rescuing, also.  Nature and medieval allusions and symbolism mark this as from Tennyson's early works, and demonstrate the early influence of Romanticism on the Victorians.

More importantly, the work concerns the creative process and the isolation of artists--something Tennyson is often concerned with.  The Lady doesn't live life, she only interprets it through the mirror images she sees.  She is separate from experience--dangerous for an artist.

In the fictional world of this ballad, the Lady must die before she gets to Camelot.  Why?  Because reality can never live up to fantasy.  The fantasy is always better.  Thus, artists must be careful of separating themselves from society.  

The imagery, symbols, and ideas or themes connect this to other works by Tennyson.

How does the story, "The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County" satrize humans and Americans?how are humans made fun of

Twain shows humanity and lazy and cruel. The characters are looking for an easy buck at the expense of anyone else. The gag is the extraordinary lengths to which people go to be that lazy. Twain found gambling and financial speculation to be a crucial human weakness. The human desire to predict future events and get paid for this secret wisdom borders on hubris. He shows that for every crooked game of "chance" there are more than enough weak individuals who will eagerly risk their own for a chance at easy sweat-free money.

In the opening pages of the story, what details of setting, of characterization, and of dialogue foreshadow later events?

A good question.

Consider the first statement about the daughter: " The daughter could not see far in front of her and continued to play with her fingers."

She can't see far ahead literally—but she can't see what's coming either.

When discussing Mr. Shiftlet, O'Connor gives us this line: "He held the pose for almost fifty seconds…" He is a poseur—one who poses, or takes on certain positions. He means to deceive. He then drops the pose, as he does in the larger story.

Of course, my favorite line is Shiftlet's: "Nothing is like it used to be, lady," he said. "The world is almost rotten."

Nothing is like it used to be—the mother used to be young, have hope, etc.—but the key point is that he tells us the world is rotten. He's rotten, and will do lousy things.

In Chapter 1 of "The Great Gatsby," what did Miss Baker tell Nick about Tom?

In this scene, Nick is reunited with his cousin, Daisy, and her husband and is introduced to Jordan. The colors associated with the fashionable East Egg are white and gold, suggesting wealth and beauty; however, all is not well in paradice.   Dinner is interupted when the telephone rings, and Tom is called from the room to answer it. When Daisy follows him out, Jordan Baker confides to Nick that the call is from Tom's 'woman' in New York.

The rest of the evening is awkward and painful as Tom and Daisy try unsuccessfully to forget the intrusion.  Nick's words from earlier on in the chapter echo in our ears, "... what foul dust floated in the wake of his [Gatsby's]dreams that temporarily closed out my interest in the abortive sorrows and short-winded elations of men."  The reader starts to get the sense that under the thin veneer of the white world, there is hollowness. Even in this opening chapter, we are getting hints that Tom and Daisy are part of this 'foul dust'.

How does Ralph change throughout Lord of the Flies?

At the start of the story, Ralph is optimistic, calm, and confident.  He seems to know what needs to be done to get rescued and he knows that leadership is required.  Since he does immediately state the obvious need for leadership, he is a natural choice to the boys to be the leader.  He lacks the ability to lead however.  He does not continue to command respect from the boys, he does not see that things get done and get done correctly; instead, he complains to the boys that they aren't doing things right.  Unfortunately, he does little more than complain.  By chapter 9, Ralph is beginning to sink into savagery like the other boys.  He actively participates in the circle of chanting and dancing boys who kill Simon, even if he doesn't actually lift a spear and stab at Simon himself.  He realizes later, the horror of what happened.  That attests to the idea that he still has some civility left in him.  By the last chapter, however, he is slinking through the brush and trees on the island, trying to think like a wild pig as he attempts to elude the boys who are hunting him in order to kill him.  He has had to become savage in order to survive.  At the end, when the boys are discovered by the naval officer, Ralph has just enough civilization left in him to cry for all the civilization he has lost.

Does the short story "Young Goodman Brown" demonstrate the devil's claim that "Evil is the nature of mankind"? Explain the concept of evil in the...

The story demonstrates that evil is the nature of mankind in two ways: first, Brown is evil in rejecting his faith (Faith) that people can also be good; and second by the fact all people in the story participate in evil in some way. This fact, however, does not cancel the fact that people might also be good. What the devil does not say is that “goodness is also the nature of mankind,” but the lives the people in the village lead demonstrate this. It is not that they are hypocrites; rather they are both good and evil, for such is the real human condition as a result of our fall from Paradise (within the context of the theme of the story). Hawthorne wants us to understand this dualism in which we all share: we are simultaneously good and evil, and to reject one or the other results in alienation from the greater community of humankind. Not to accept this results in distrust, and not to realize the possibilities of our “dark side” results in hypocrisy. These—alienation from others and hypocrisy—are, in Hawthorne’s view, the greatest sins.

What is the theme of "The Twenty-One Balloons"?

The Twenty-One Balloons stresses the themes of creativity, individuality, eccentricity, and cooperation. The fantasy of The Twenty-One Balloons is built around an actual historic event—the massive volcanic eruption that destroyed the Pacific island of Krakatoa in 1883. But there the connection with history ends. The Professor discovers that the inhabitants of the island have established a unique, Utopian society, which he seeks to understand. The story begins when Professor Sherman, who teaches high-school, becomes bored with his life and sets off on a journey in a hot air balloon called The Globe.

He hopes the wind will blow him and his balloon all around the world. To his surprise, he instead has a crash landing on the mysterious island of Krakatoa, an island full of diamond mines and enormous wealth.

The secret society of Krakatoa is based on values of greediness for wealth and inactivity. They believe their lives are perfect because they never have to worry about money. They live empty and unfulfilling lives and must learn the value of relationships, education and their own lives. They must learn how having extreme excess of money, or anything, is worthless.

Threatened with destruction, the Professor and the inhabitants must cooperate and discover a way to escape the island before the final explosion.

What is the significance of dream-telling and feeling-discussion that take place during the family unit rituals in The Giver?

On the surface, these customs might appear to be simply rituals to promote mental health and help individuals understand the workings of their psyches.  Indeed, the regular sharing of dreams and feelings do create an atmosphere of openness and communication which can be advantageous.  The underlying significance of these practices is deeper and more sinister, however.  Their unstated purpose is mind-control, the guarantee that "sameness" will always be perpetuated.  By mandating daily dream-tellings and feelings-discussions, the community is making sure that the interior lives of citizens remain exposed, and that steps may be quickly taken to correct deviance from desired norms.

It is required, not just suggested, that all feelings be shared.  In Chapter 1, recognizing his uneasiness as apprehension, Jonas "would have preferred to keep his feelings hidden.  But this is (is), of course, against the rules".  His sharing of feelings results in a conversation with his parents that both helps him understand but also ensures that he responds appropriately according to societal standards. Jonas' revelation of his dream in Chapter 5 has similar consequence.  Jonah's dream evidences "first Stirrings", the beginnings of normal adolescent interest in sex.  The society controls sexual urges in its citizens, however, and Jonah must immediately begin "treatment", a daily pill to suppress any desires he might have in this area.

In The Outsiders by S. E. Hinton, what reasons do Steve, Darry and Sodapop have for fighting?

The Outsiders traces the harsh
reality for the "Greasers," a gang of boys who try to survive in an unforgiving
environment where class distinctions are a good enough reason to fight and the rival
gang, the "Socs", which is short for the "Socials, always seems to have the upper hand.
The Socs are the "west-side rich kids" and the greasers are from the "East side."
Greasers, Ponyboy who is the narrator explains, cannot "walk alone too much or they'll
get jumped" by Socs for no reason. 

Darry and Sodapop are
Ponyboy's brothers and Pony describes Soda as "happy-go-lucky and grinning while Darry's
hard and firm and hardly grins at all" (ch 1). Together the brothers help look after
Ponyboy as their parents were killed in "an auto wreck." The Greasers have the
occasional gang fight but Pony tries to stay out of trouble. However, Pony and Johnny
find themselves changed forever after a series of events which include Johnny killing
someone and the boys saving some children from a
fire. 

However, tensions are running high as Johnny has
killed a Soc and the Socs have almost killed Johnny, he is so critically injured.
Therefore, the Greasers talk about the "rumble" that will take place between the Socs
and Greasers. Dally reminds them that "we gotta get even with the Socs. For Johnny" (ch
8). In chapter 9, the fight takes place. There are twenty-two Socs' and twenty
Greasers. 

Soda says that he likes fights because they are
like drag-racing, "It's action. It's like a contest." Steve likes fights because he
wants to "stomp the other guy good" and Soda suggests that Darry likes fighting because
he gets to show off his muscles.  

In The Outsiders by S. E. Hinton, what reasons do Steve, Darry and Sodapop have for fighting?

The Outsiders traces the harsh reality for the "Greasers," a gang of boys who try to survive in an unforgiving environment where class distinctions are a good enough reason to fight and the rival gang, the "Socs", which is short for the "Socials, always seems to have the upper hand. The Socs are the "west-side rich kids" and the greasers are from the "East side." Greasers, Ponyboy who is the narrator explains, cannot "walk alone too much or they'll get jumped" by Socs for no reason. 

Darry and Sodapop are Ponyboy's brothers and Pony describes Soda as "happy-go-lucky and grinning while Darry's hard and firm and hardly grins at all" (ch 1). Together the brothers help look after Ponyboy as their parents were killed in "an auto wreck." The Greasers have the occasional gang fight but Pony tries to stay out of trouble. However, Pony and Johnny find themselves changed forever after a series of events which include Johnny killing someone and the boys saving some children from a fire. 

However, tensions are running high as Johnny has killed a Soc and the Socs have almost killed Johnny, he is so critically injured. Therefore, the Greasers talk about the "rumble" that will take place between the Socs and Greasers. Dally reminds them that "we gotta get even with the Socs. For Johnny" (ch 8). In chapter 9, the fight takes place. There are twenty-two Socs' and twenty Greasers. 

Soda says that he likes fights because they are like drag-racing, "It's action. It's like a contest." Steve likes fights because he wants to "stomp the other guy good" and Soda suggests that Darry likes fighting because he gets to show off his muscles.  

How do the animals deceive Mr. Whymper in Chapter Seven in Animal Farm?

By this time, the animals' lives are getting to be really
hard.  They don't have much to eat and they are having to work really hard.  But they do
not want the people around them to know this.  So they decide to fool the people by
fooling Whymper.  They are counting on Whymper to spread the word that the animals are
doing great.

So they do things like filling up the feed
bins with sand and then putting a bit of food on top to make it look like the bins are
completely full.  They have various animals talk about how the rations have been
increased at times and places where Whymper can hear.

That
way, they make him think the farm is doing fine.

How do the animals deceive Mr. Whymper in Chapter Seven in Animal Farm?

By this time, the animals' lives are getting to be really hard.  They don't have much to eat and they are having to work really hard.  But they do not want the people around them to know this.  So they decide to fool the people by fooling Whymper.  They are counting on Whymper to spread the word that the animals are doing great.

So they do things like filling up the feed bins with sand and then putting a bit of food on top to make it look like the bins are completely full.  They have various animals talk about how the rations have been increased at times and places where Whymper can hear.

That way, they make him think the farm is doing fine.

What is areopagitica?Milton's prose work

The "Areopagitica" was Milton's response to government's
plans to enact censorship laws on writers. He did not want the government to be given
control of publishing because he felt, and rightly so, that this could lead to the
suppression of thoughts and ideas. He preferred that accountability for writing should
be controlled by other means, at the editorial level within the publishing cycle, for
instance, instead of at the governmental level.

Milton felt
that freedom of expression was an integral aspect of education and learning, of the
development of humankind. He writes:

readability="9">

Where there is much desire to learn, there of
necessity will be much arguing, much writing, many opinions; for opinion in good men is
but knowledge in the
making.

He also believed that
taking control of thought away from thinkers, researchers, teachers and the like would
render that thought useless to the world, stating:

readability="16">

And how can a man teach with authority, which is
the life of teaching, how can he be a doctor in his book as he ought to be, or else had
better be silent, whenas all he teaches, all he delivers, is but under the tuition,
under the correction of his patriarchal licenser, to blot or alter what precisely
accords not with the hidebound humour which he calls his
judgment?

Lastly, he thought
that the censoring of writing was just the first step on a slippery slope that would
lead to the censoring of all artisitc expression:

readability="17">

If we think to regulate printing, thereby to
rectify manners, we must regulate all recreations and pastimes, all that is delightful
to man. No music must be heard, no song be set or sung, but what is grave and Doric.
There must be licensing of dancers, that no gesture, motion, or deportment be taught our
youth, but what by their allowance shall be thought
honest

Knowing what we now
know of the long legal history of battles against artistic censorship, one cannot help
but see that Milton's fears were quite accurate!

What is areopagitica?Milton's prose work

The "Areopagitica" was Milton's response to government's plans to enact censorship laws on writers. He did not want the government to be given control of publishing because he felt, and rightly so, that this could lead to the suppression of thoughts and ideas. He preferred that accountability for writing should be controlled by other means, at the editorial level within the publishing cycle, for instance, instead of at the governmental level.

Milton felt that freedom of expression was an integral aspect of education and learning, of the development of humankind. He writes:

Where there is much desire to learn, there of necessity will be much arguing, much writing, many opinions; for opinion in good men is but knowledge in the making.

He also believed that taking control of thought away from thinkers, researchers, teachers and the like would render that thought useless to the world, stating:

And how can a man teach with authority, which is the life of teaching, how can he be a doctor in his book as he ought to be, or else had better be silent, whenas all he teaches, all he delivers, is but under the tuition, under the correction of his patriarchal licenser, to blot or alter what precisely accords not with the hidebound humour which he calls his judgment?

Lastly, he thought that the censoring of writing was just the first step on a slippery slope that would lead to the censoring of all artisitc expression:

If we think to regulate printing, thereby to rectify manners, we must regulate all recreations and pastimes, all that is delightful to man. No music must be heard, no song be set or sung, but what is grave and Doric. There must be licensing of dancers, that no gesture, motion, or deportment be taught our youth, but what by their allowance shall be thought honest

Knowing what we now know of the long legal history of battles against artistic censorship, one cannot help but see that Milton's fears were quite accurate!

What is a summary for Chapter 1 of the book Lyddie?The book is by Katherine Paterson.

The character of Lyddie remains the quintessential "Lowell Factory Girl" of my heart due to this very book.  Her story, and her spunky nature, begins to be revealed right away in Chapter 1.

We are introduced to Lyddie deep in the rural areas of Vermont because a bear enters her family's little cabin and wreaks havoc.  This bear is Lyddie's first obstacle in life and begins to symbolize the other (bigger?) obstacles she will tackle as she becomes a "Lowell Factory Girl."  It is Lyddie, always showing her spunk, who protects her family by "staring the bear down."  Unfortunately, the even riles Lyddie's mentally unstable mother enough to make her leave with the babies and leave Lyddie (and eventually her younger brother, Charlie) alone to tend their Vermont farm.

Just as things begin looking up for Lyddie and Charlie (in that they make it through the cold winter months and observer the birth of a calf from their one and only cow), they get a note that their mother has rented the farm to someone else in order to pay debts.  Even though their mother also writes that, "We can still hope."  All hope seems to have vanished by the end of this chapter.

Now Lyddie must go out in search of hope for herself and her family.

What is the conflict of the story, The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao?

There are two conflicts primarily present in this story.  The first one is man vs. society.  From Oscar's family history in the Dominican Republic, readers learn that discriminatory behavior towards the family is the cause of many of their problems.  Beli's sisters were killed by a totalitarian leader.  Beli herself was ostracized for her appearance and then beaten by the same totalitarian leader.  In New Jersey, the family suffers from a lack of acceptance due to their cultural background, leaving Oscar to feel alienated and  unloved.  Society has put undue pressure on the characters.

However, at the true heart of the story, is a man vs. self conflict.  Diaz focuses less on this issue of society in her narration, and more on the reactionary behavior of the characters.  These characters make bad decisions based on their needs and suffer as a result.  Beli and Oscar both want acceptance so badly that they get invovled in dangerous and forbidden relationships.  If they reacted more positively to their needs, each character would have experienced a less brutal life line. 

What is Gatsby's reply when Nick says you can't repeat the past, and why is that his reply?

Gatsby's response to Nick's observation that you can't repeat the past is incredulity.  He says, "Can't repeat the past? Why of course you can!"  To him, it seems perfectly reasonable to expect that Daisy would be able to tell Tom that she never loved him, and pick up where she left off with him, Gatsby, five years ago.  Gatsby is determined to "fix everything just the way it was before".  As he talks, Nick understands that in actuality, Gatsby wants to recover more than just Daisy.  He is looking for "something, some idea of himself perhaps, that had gone into loving Daisy".  His life has been incomplete since he lost her, and he somehow feels that if he could just go back and do it all again the right way, he would find the thing that he has been missing (Chapter VI).

What is meant by the line in 'The Crucible' where John says to Elizabeth just after an argument, "Your justice would freeze beer?"

The author is using a colorful figure of speech to express John Proctor's belief that his wife Elizabeth's practice of justice is cold and harsh; lacking mercy and forgiveness.

John Proctor has cheated on Elizabeth, but although he has confessed and repented, she cannot let it go.  She says she has forgiven and forgotten, but still acts with bitterness and suspicion.  Elizabeth says to John, "I do not judge you...I never thought you but a good man", yet her cool distantness towards him says otherwise, and he responds, "your justice would freeze beer!"

John does not feel that Elizabeth has forgiven him.  In answer to  her verbal protests to the contrary, he elaborates in explanation,

"Spare me!  You forget nothin' and forgive nothin'.  Learn charity, woman.  I have gone tiptoe in this house...I have not moved from there to there without I think to please you, and still an everlasting funeral marches round your heart.  I cannot speak but I am doubted, every moment judged for lies, as though I come into a court when I come into this house" (Act II, Scene 1).

What are three things the man in "To Build a Fire" could have done to make his trip more successful?

In the first place, he could have listened to the warnings
of the people who told him that he should not make the trip when he did. He should have
waited until the weather was warmer. The fact that the path had not been recently
traveled should have been an indicator to him, just as it was a foreshadowing to us,
that making the trip at this time of the year was not something other people did and
therefore not the best idea. He set himself out for failure by not listening to good
advice.

Secondly, if he still felt he had to try to make
the trip, he should have learned a bit more about the simple facts of nature such as
where to build your fire. Had he taken the time to think about it, he might have
realized that building a fire under a tree that had branches laden with snow was not the
best idea.

Lastly, he could have let go of his arrogance
and superiority and learned to watch the reactions of his dog who knew how to survive
against the odds.

What are three things the man in "To Build a Fire" could have done to make his trip more successful?

In the first place, he could have listened to the warnings of the people who told him that he should not make the trip when he did. He should have waited until the weather was warmer. The fact that the path had not been recently traveled should have been an indicator to him, just as it was a foreshadowing to us, that making the trip at this time of the year was not something other people did and therefore not the best idea. He set himself out for failure by not listening to good advice.

Secondly, if he still felt he had to try to make the trip, he should have learned a bit more about the simple facts of nature such as where to build your fire. Had he taken the time to think about it, he might have realized that building a fire under a tree that had branches laden with snow was not the best idea.

Lastly, he could have let go of his arrogance and superiority and learned to watch the reactions of his dog who knew how to survive against the odds.

In A Midsummer Night's Dream, why is Bottom's transformation ironic?

Puck gives Bottom the head of an ass because he thinks Bottom has been acting like an ass. Puck has been watching Bottom and the other tradesmen practice their play they hope to perform for Theseus's and Hippolyta's wedding celebration. During the practice, Bottom shows himself to be less than intelligent, boastful, and essentially a swaggering fool. Since Puck tends to be ornery, he decides that Bottom should look like an ass since he is acting like one. Bottom is unaware of the transformation so when Snout says, "O Bottom, thou art changed. What do I see on thee?" Bottom replies, "What do you see? You see an ass-head of your own, do you?" and then when Quince also exclaims over Bottom's transformation, Bottom again ironically says, "...This is to make an ass of me, ...". He thinks the players are just trying to make him feel foolish and he continually uses the word "ass" ironically.

From the characterization of Polyphemus, what conclusions can you draw about qualities that ancient Greek society considered barbaric or...

In the episode of the Cyclops, Homer comments on the
differences between Greek civilization and the barbaric and monstrous Cyclopes who have
no law.

Odysseus says to
Alcinous:

"We
sailed hence, always in much distress, till we came to the land
of the lawless and inhuman Cyclopes. Now the Cyclopes neither
plant nor plough, but trust in providence, and live on such wheat, barley,
and grapes as grow wild without any kind of tillage, and their wild
grapes yield them wine as the sun and the rain may grow them.
They have no laws nor assemblies of
the people, but live in caves on the tops of high
mountains; each is lord and master in his family, and they take no account of
their neighbours."

We
see that essential to civilization are law and assembly.  The Greeks have both, and
their gods have both.  But Polyphemus lives alone in his
cave.

Important to keeping Greek society civil is the
guest-host relationship. Greeks prided themselves on being
good hosts: they were expected to take in any guest, and to feed, clothe, and give him
shelter before he even asked his name.  In this way, Odysseus expects, as a guest, to be
treated with civility.  He expects the owner of the cave to give he and his men cheese
and lamb.  When Polyphemus refuses and eats Odysseus' men, Odysseus revenges according
to the guest-host relationship.

He takes revenge on the
giant by getting him drunk.  Odysseus turns the tables and plays host, giving the
cyclops wine.  This sets the giant to sleep, giving Odysseus time to blind
him.

From the characterization of Polyphemus, what conclusions can you draw about qualities that ancient Greek society considered barbaric or...

In the episode of the Cyclops, Homer comments on the differences between Greek civilization and the barbaric and monstrous Cyclopes who have no law.

Odysseus says to Alcinous:

"We sailed hence, always in much distress, till we came to the land of the lawless and inhuman Cyclopes. Now the Cyclopes neither plant nor plough, but trust in providence, and live on such wheat, barley, and grapes as grow wild without any kind of tillage, and their wild grapes yield them wine as the sun and the rain may grow them. They have no laws nor assemblies of the people, but live in caves on the tops of high mountains; each is lord and master in his family, and they take no account of their neighbours."

We see that essential to civilization are law and assembly.  The Greeks have both, and their gods have both.  But Polyphemus lives alone in his cave.

Important to keeping Greek society civil is the guest-host relationship. Greeks prided themselves on being good hosts: they were expected to take in any guest, and to feed, clothe, and give him shelter before he even asked his name.  In this way, Odysseus expects, as a guest, to be treated with civility.  He expects the owner of the cave to give he and his men cheese and lamb.  When Polyphemus refuses and eats Odysseus' men, Odysseus revenges according to the guest-host relationship.

He takes revenge on the giant by getting him drunk.  Odysseus turns the tables and plays host, giving the cyclops wine.  This sets the giant to sleep, giving Odysseus time to blind him.