Why is Winesburg, Ohio by Sherwood Anderson a Modernist novel?

Winesburg, Ohio, which was published
in 1919, stands as a tremendously innovative and significant work
in modern American literature. Sherwood Anderson created a new novel form in which a
series of short stories is unfied through interlocking characters, mainly through the
frequent appearance of a primary character, George Willard. A young man who has grown up
in Winesburg, George appears in most of the stories, sometimes as a leading character
and sometimes as a supporting one. The collection of stories taken together creates a
new character, the village of Winesburg itself. As a novel, Winesburg,
Ohio is therefore character driven, revealing various, individual human
truths without developing the traditional central plot of a
novel.

Also quite innovative in Anderson's novel is his
break with the traditional view of the American small town. Winesburg is presented not
as a village of friends and neighbors living in a warm and supportive community, but
instead as a community comprised of tortured souls who endure their torment in lonely
isolation. Anderson's characters he termed "grotesques," individuals who become obsessed
with one idea, ambition, or pursuit to the exclusion of life's deeper truths. This
realistic portrayal of human existence, with its psychological implications, makes
Winesburg, Ohio modern indeed in its literary
themes.