In chapter 4 in Of Mice and Men, why is the stable buck given his own room?

The above editor is correct:  the information you need is
in chapter four of the novel, rather than in chapter
two. 

If you need evidence for your answer, it begins on
page 75 of my edition.  The entire chapter takes place in Crooks' room, which is
adjacent to the barn and is entered through the barn.  When Lennie appears and explains
that he saw Crooks' light on, so he came in, Crooks
says:

"Well,
I got a right to have a light.  You go on get outta my room.  I ain't wanted in the bunk
house, and you ain't wanted in my room."

"Why ain't you
wanted?"  Lennie asked.

"'Cause I'm black.  They play cards
in there, but I can't play because I'm black.  They say I stink.  Well, I tell you, you
all of you stink to
me."

Crooks isn't allowed in
the bunk house, because of segregation.  The races are kept apart.  The reader assumes
that the idea of Crooks stinking is a stereotypical idea the whites project upon him due
to their prejudices.  They don't want him in the bunk house because he is
black. 

How did Heck Tate alter the evidence about Boo Radley killing Bob to fit his lie?

The other teacher is correct. In chapter 30, Heck Tate and
Atticus are discussing what happened and Atticus thinks at first that Jem was the one
that killed Bob Ewell. Heck insists on calling the death an accident, but Atticus, ever
the fair and impartial lawyer, doesn’t want Jem protected from the law. Heck insists
that Ewell fell on his knife and that Jem didn’t kill him. Heck knows that Boo is the
one who stabbed Ewell but he wants to keep the facts secret. He says that Boo, with his
"quiet ways", doesn’t need the entire town bothering him any more than they have in the
past. He reminds Atticus that Tom Robinson died for no reason and now the man
responsible for that miscarriage of justice (Bob Ewell) is dead. “Let the dead bury the
dead,” he tells Atticus.

Some of my students have taken
issue with this ending - the fact that Atticus agreed to keep things quiet. They said it
was out of character - that a man who was even willing to allow his own son to be
exposed to the workings of the law (when Atticus thought it was Jem who killed Ewell)
would not have so easily agreed to hush up Boo's deed. What do you think about this? I
think Atticus did act according to character because sometimes we
must listen to a higher power, and surely that power would not have wanted Boo to suffer
any further abuse.

In a brief summary, can you explain "Waterland" by Graham Swift?

As the story begins, the main character, Tom Crick, is remembering childhood in eastern England. His thoughts return to the present, and we learn that he has lost his job teaching history because the school is closing its history department and because Tom's wife has committed a crime.

The plot flashes back and forth from the past to the present, all having to do Tom and his wife, Mary. Tom remembers finding a friend's drowned body, and Mary telling him that Tom's brother Dick had killed the man. It is plausible for the reader to suspect Mary.

While remembering the past and living in the present, Tom tells about the history of his family, his relationship with Mary, the story of his grandfather, and the usefulness of history. He describes trying to get Dick to confess to the murder, but failing. Mary decides to teach Dick, who is mentally disabled, all about sex, and when she becomes pregnant, she tells Tom she's not sure whether he is the father or whether it was Dick or their dead friend Freddie! Later in the story, we will learn that she aborted this baby.

In the present, Mary announces at the age of 52 that she is pregnant. However, when Tom comes home one day, he discovers that she has stolen a baby. He insists that they return the baby, and Mary is placed in a mental hospital.

There is a side story about Dick's having been conceived in incest, and the story ends with him committing suicide.

Whew! This story is hard to keep up with!

Are the events in Macbeth predestined (under the influence of Fate), or would you say that the witches manipulated Macbeth?

Concerning Shakespeare's Macbeth, the
answer depends largely on the beliefs you bring to the
play.

With a modern mindset, which you probably possess,
you probably, following a thorough reading and study of the drama, would insist that
Macbeth has free will and makes choices, then suffers the
consequences.

For an Elizabethan, or someone who believes
in predestination, however, plenty of evidence exists in the play that could convince
such a person that predestination, or fate, as you call it, is at
play.

For instance, if the witches know the future, do they
just know it or do they cause it?  Is there a line between knowing the future and
causing it?  Even if one finds rational explanations for the predictions concerning
Macbeth (he'll be Cawdor, king, Birnam Wood will move, a man born of a body instead of a
woman will kill him), one is still left with the prediction that Banquo's heirs will be
kings.  How do the witches know that?  And, again, if they know it, does a supernatural
force cause it?

And free will and predestination were
contemporary issues in Elizabethan England, brought into focus by the Protestant
Reformation.

In short, Shakespeare is often ambiguous, and
this issue, as it is presented in Macbeth, is no exception.  You
can make a case both ways.  My modern mind tells me that the witches are manipulative
and Macbeth obsessively ambitious, and he makes choices to get what he wants.  But I can
argue the opposite, as well. 

Give detailed notes and critical comments on Rosalind's character from "As You Like It."nothing

Rosalind is a fictional character and the romantic female lead in the comedy As You Like It (1600?) by William Shakespeare.

She is the daughter of the exiled Duke Senior and niece to his usurping brother Duke Frederick. After angering her uncle, she leaves his court for exile in the Forest of Arden. There, she lives disguised as a shepherd named Ganymede with her devoted cousin, Celia disguised as his sister, Aliena and her uncle's fool Touchstone. Eventually, Rosalind is reunited with her father and is married to her faithful lover, Orlando.

Rosalind is one of Shakespeare's most recognized heroines. Admired for her intelligence, quick wit, and beauty, Rosalind is a vital character in "As You Like It." Most commonly seen next to her beloved cousin Celia, Rosalind is also a faithful friend, leader, and schemer. She stays true to her family and friends throughout the entire story, no matter how dangerous the consequences. Rosalind dominates the stage. Her true decision-making skills can be seen in the last act of Scene V where she has to present herself as Rosalind to her father and to Orlando, but at the same time change Phebe's opinion to marry Silvius.

Rosalind has been played by various notable actresses including Elizabeth Bergner in a 1936 film opposite Laurence Olivier as Orlando,^[1] Helena Bonham Carter in the 2000 BBC Radio 4 version,Helen Mirren in the 1978 BBC version of the play directed by Basil Coleman,^[2] and Bryce Dallas Howard in the 2006 production directed by Kenneth Branagh.

Acclaimed Tony Award-winning American actress Patti LuPone played the role at the Guthrie Theatre in Minneapolis, after her award-winning portrayal of Eva Peron in the original Broadway run ofEvita. This caused much speculation because LuPone was leaving the Broadway stage and moving to "regional" work.

Adrian Lester won a Time Out Award for his performance as Rosalind in Cheek by Jowl's 1991 production of As You Like It. A male actor in the role (as would have been the norm in Shakespeare's time) underlines the confusion of gender roles within the play: at one point, a male actor is playing a woman who is pretending to be a man acting the part of a woman.

Explain the idea of heroism in Beowulf.

Beowulf is considered a "hero" of the story because he is representative of the qualities and characteristics of his people.  The Anglo-Saxons believed in fate or "wyrd", fame, later on they believed in religious faith, and they loved their stories.  Scops were even considered "heroes" as they were the Hollywood movie stars of the time period...memorizing thousands of lines of stories and traveling from place to place to entertain the illiterate masses.

The early Anglo-Saxons did not believe strongly in an afterlife as the Christians did.  Instead they believed heavily in fame--the kind of eternal life given by the scops who told the stories of you and your deeds during life.  This is why Beowulf brags about his sea monsters and swimming abilities, why he travels so far to conquer the monster Grendel, and why he stays to slay Grendel's mother, and again, why he faces the dragon in his old age.  The scops have much fodder and fuel for fireside entertainment with this hero.

The other thing that is very important to the Anglo-Saxons is loyalty.  Beowulf's loyalty to Hrothgar comes out of duty to him for Hrothgar's aid to Beowulf's father when he was in need.  This is the other reason Beowulf goes to Hrothgar's aid against Grendel.

Wiglaf also demonstrates this loyalty as well as bravery when he and Beowulf face the dragon alone since all others ran for the safety of the woods.  Heroes abound!

In "A Rose for Emily," what does Emily do to contribute to herself being out casted by the people in her town?

Relating to your question, Miss Emily was perceived as an outcast by her town when she refused to pay her taxes.  She would not accept the fact that Colonel Sartoris was long dead.

"Miss Emily, “a small, fat woman in black,” met them at the door, and she told them that she had no taxes in Jefferson."

Miss Emily is thought of as an outcast when the townspeople begin to notice a pungent odor emanating from her house.

"It was with the onset of the smell that the townspeople had begun to feel sorry for Miss Emily, as they recalled how Miss Emily’s great-aunt, old lady Wyatt, had gone crazy."

She is considered crazy, like her great-aunt, not warmly embraced by the town, but tolerated.

When Miss Emily starts taking buggy rides with Homer Barron, the townspeople do not approve of a southern woman dating a Yankee.  She is made a social outcast.

"When Miss Emily is seen in public with Homer Barron, the townspeople are abhorred on two accounts: first, that Barron is a “Yankee,” and second, that he is a “day laborer,” even if he is a foreman."

Miss Emily, even in death, was a spectacle for the townspeople to stare at and gossip about, speculating on what would be found in her old gloomy house.

".… What other person, or what other house, in the town had ever received this much attention?"