The name of the father, Atticus, probably comes from the Roman orator Titus Pomponius Atticus, who was known for never taking a side in political struggles but rather staying neutral. This is characteristic of Atticus Finch who. despite being severely criticized for defending Tom Robinson, tells his children not to respond to the town's criticism. Atticus, himself, does not respond to the insults and prejudices of the town and continues to work on Tom's behalf. He tries to remain neutral, believing Tom deserves a fair trial. The name "Tom" as in Tom Robinson may also be an allusion to jesus' disciple, Thomas, who is also known as "Doubting Thomas". Thomas got that name when he doubted Jesus' resurrection and basically said "I'll believe it when I see it". After his conviction, Tom Robinson doubts Attitcus will be able to get him out of prison so he tries to escape and is killed. Jem and Scout's names are probably more literal in meaning--Jem meaning "gem" as in a valuable asset, and "Scout", who is ahead of her time as a scout goes ahead of an army or other group of people looking for evidence of danger ahead or simply finding the way to go.
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