During the 16th century the Catholic Church was all powerful all over Europe. However, with the Reformation its power and authority came to be challenged.The century following the Protestant Revolution was a gruesome one in Europe. Catholics and Protestants were constantly at odds. People were disemboweled, hung, and burned for practicing their chosen religion.
In England Mary I (18 February 1516 – 17 November 1558) was the eldest daughter of the Protestant, Tudor King Henry VIII. On ascending the throne she quickly restored Roman Catholicism in England. She was nicknamed "Bloody Mary" because she persecuted the Protestants and burnt many of them at the stake.
Similarly, King Charles I [1600-1649] who married a Catholic Princess and had Catholic sympathies was executed by the Puritans led by Oliver Cromwell after a bloody Civil War.
Oliver Cromwell [1599-1658] himself rigorously enforced Puritanism during his rule.
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