Written with the subtitle a fairy story, satire is
definitely the strongest persuasive technique used by Orwell. Through his allegorical
tale in which farm animals take on characteristics associated with human counterparts,
Orwell sends a message that it id important for us to guard out freedom, to keep an eye
on those who lead us lest they become too powerful. It is a tale of a people's
(animal's) violent revolution and subsequent inability to hold on to the positive
changes they had fought for because of the ulterior motives of the equality to new
leadership who go from champions of equality to quasi-benevolent dictators in rapid
succession.The idea of a socialist Utopia was something that, as political scientists
throughout history have noted, looks great on paper but fails in practice as human
nature doesn't work that way. An element od satire, then, is irony as what starts as a
good plan ends up in something evil and potentially worse than what they had when they
started. Greed tends to be as powerful motivator, and the satirical humor factor lies in
the fact that Orwell makes the greedy "pigs"- traditionally an animal that is seen as
noxious and gluttonous. Although the novel is meant as a satirical examination of the
Russian Revolution, the theme is universal as this could happen
anywhere.
Two other themes in the novel that help persuade
are the use of Snowball as a scapegoat (how many times in our own world has the one
good, well-meaning person been the target for blame?). By making everything out to be
Snowball's fault, thye people (animal's) attention is distracted from the truth and they
blindly follow Napolean. Secondly, the use if religion as a means of controlling the
masses. By changing the commandments, the "word of God" so to speak is changed, but as
long as the masses still believe it to be true it can be used to keep them in line. This
is how the Christian Bible is used in this country as a means of making people follow
certain ideologies even though the Bible itslef has been rewritten so many times that
non one can really know what it once said. The same can be said od the current Jihad and
Muslim extremists - manipulating a text to match a different set of personal
aims.
He also emphasizes the importance of knowledge for it
is the animal's ignorance that gets them into the situation that they end up in.
Napolean appears to value education, but only to an extent and to the extent at which he
can use it for control. They begin with an admirable goal, rallying the masses to rise
up against an unfair oppressor, but they end up allowing one of their own to take that
same position. The idea of those who do not learn from the past are doomed to keep on
making the same mistakes prevails in this piece so that the strongest persuasive message
comes in the fact that we must be aware and take responsibility for the actions of those
who lead us if we want to have a real say in our governance.
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